Gim'zo (Heb. Ginizo' , iTT^S, a place fertile in syc- amores; Sept. VipZoj V. r. Fafiaii^ai), a city in tlie plain of the kingdom of Judah, mentioned in connec- tion with Timnah, and taken, with its dependent vil- lages (Heb. daughters), by the Philistines in tiie time of Ahaz (2 Chron. xxviii, 18); now Jiwzu, a common and rather large village, on an eminence, on the south side of the road, about an hour south-east of Ludd (Lydda or Ramleh) ; with many threshing-floors and ancient cisterns used as magazines for grain (Robin- son's Researches, iii, 56). It is mentioned in the Tal- mud (Schwarz, Palest, p. 136).
Gin, an old English word for trap, stands as the i-endering of two Hebrew words in certain passages : lip"!^, mokesh' , a noose or "snare" (as elsewhere ren- dered), Psa. cxl, 5; cxli, 9; Amos iii, 5; and HB^ pack, lit. a plate or thin layer, hence a net or trap, Sept.
GINA
874
GIOBERTI
TTrtyic, Job xviii, 9; Isa. viii, 14; elsewhere "snare." See Hunting ; Fowler, etc.
Giiia (S!"^."!), a brook or winter-stream (Xini- mentioiied in the Talmud as behig not far from En) (iannim (q. v.) (Schwarz, Palest, p. 52).
Gi'nath (Heb. Ginath', r:"":!, a garden [Gesen.] or protecHoii [Fiirst] ; Sept. rti'))^ v. r. rwvi'ij), the fa- ther of Tibni ((j. v.), king of the northern tribes of Is- rael (1 Kings xvi, 21, 22). B.C. ante 926.
Giii'netllO (Heb. Ginnethoy' , ■'"IPSS, Sept. Ttva- Biov, Vulg. Gmthoii), a corrupt reading (Neh. xii, 4) for the name Gi.nnetiion (q. v.).
Gin'iiethoii (Heb. Ginnethon , ""irSS, gardener or great garden; Sept. Yaai'va^ow and Vava^io^ ,\ \\\g. Genthnn)^ one of the "chief" priests that returned from the captivitj' with Zerubbaljel (Neh. xii, 4, where the reading is "Gennetho"), and subscribed the cove- nant with Nehemiah (x, G) ; his son Meshullam is mentioned as contemporary with the high-priest Joia- kim (xii, 16). B.C. 536-410.
Gioberti, Vincenzo, a distinguished Italian phi- losopher and statesman, was born at Turin, April 5, 1801. He studied theologj' in the university of his native city, was received doctor in 1823, and in 1825 was ordained priest and appointed professor of theolo- gy in the university. He acquired great reputation, and became court chaplain in 1831. Soon afterwards he was implicated in a repuldican conspiracy (said to have been instigated l)y the Jesuits, in order to destroj- the lib;»ral sympathies of the king), was thrown into prison, and then exiled without trial. He went first to Paris, thence to Brussels, where he remained until 1843, in the humble position of tutor in a private school. Some time after he declined a professorship of philoso- phy offered him b}"^ cardinal Wiseman, preferring to devote all his time to his literary labors. His first puldication was the Teoria del Sovranaturale (Capo- lago, 1838). In 1839 he published his Irdrodiizione alio studio della Fllosojia. This remaikalde work was fol- lowed in 1841 by his Bel Btllo, in which the author analj'zes Christian epopee, and especially Dante's Dlvina Comedia. Gioberti next employed himself against the modern German philosophers and the French encyclopedists, whose ideas outlived the Eevo- lution. He wrote successively the Lettres inUrmqites contre La Mennnis (Paris, 1840); Del Buo7io ; and Jir- rori jilosofici di Antonio Rosmini (Capolago, 1842). In opposing the pantheistic tendencies of La Mennais and Eosmini, Gioberti evinces great argumentative talent, and a vivid imagination. He aimed at making Italy throw off the yoke of foreign doctrines, with the idti- mate view of enabling her subsequentlj- to expel for- eign political interference. He was careful always to profess orthodox opinions, so as not to give either tlie Italian 'princes or the pope any hold against him. His new catholic system found manj' adherents. In order to raise the clergy in the popular esteem, he advocated such reforms as the spirit of the times required, and ad- vised the ])ricsts to head the social movement and to disseminate instruction amongthe people. He also call- ed on the learned men of Italy, inviting them to regain their former ascendency by uniting i'aitli Avith science and art. In this view he wrote his II J'rimuio chile e morfde d^gli Ital. (Paris, 1843). This remarkable work, wliich proposed the plan of a Koman confederacj' headed by the jxipe, and whicli has had great influence on the recent history of Italy, was not at the time in harmonj' with pulilic opinion. The substance of the bool< is as follows: "Italy has been twice at the liead of Euro- pean civilization ; once in antiquity, and again in the Middle Ages. In the latter period Italy owed its su- premacy to the popes, wlio were then the natural arld- tcrs of princes and the spiritual sovereigns of the na- tions. The downfall of Italy is due to the downfall of the papacy. The problem now is to restore tlie j)apal