In the other passages where the word "goad" oc- curs it is the representative of a diffei-ent term in the original ; 'j^'l'l, dorban', something pointed (1 Sam. xiii, 21), or "('nil, dorbon (Eccles. xii, 11), which is, perhaps, properly the iron point to which the rod or handle, denoted 1)}' the previous term, was fixed. This, at least, is the explanation adopted by Jahn {Archaol. i, 4, § 9) from Rabbinical writers (Gesenius, Thes. p. 349). Accordinj^ to others, it may refer to anything
rs I
J. Matter, //;^/o^Vem^«?MG'wo.s•</mMe (Par. 1828 [1843], ! pointed, and tlie tenor of Eeeles. xii allows the sense 2 vols.) ; Dr. Edward Burton, Bampton Lectures cm the of a peg or nail — anj-thing, in short, wliich can he fist- Heresies of the Apost. Age (1829 ; Oxford, 1830) ; F. C. I ened; while in.l Sam. xiii the point of the ploughshare Baur, D'.e rhr'st. Gnosis (Tub. 1835), and Das Christen- j is possibly intended (which is likewise understood liy thum (Till.. 185.3), p. 159-213; .1. A. ;Moehler, Versurh '< the Sept.and Vulg. at Judg. iv riij c'lnornoTroct, vome- u. d. Ur.'pr. d. Gnost. (Tub. 183i); IMollcr, Gesch. der re). 'There are undoubted references to the use of the
GOAD
897
GOAT
goad in driving oxen in Ecclus. xxxviii, 25, and Acts xxvi, 14. The expression "to kick against tiie goads" (Acts ix, 5 ; A.V. " the pricks") was proverbially used Ly the Greeks for unavailing resistance to superior power (comp.^schyl. /l^rt??». 1G33; Prom. S23; Eurip. Bacch. 791). The same means of inciting animals to greater speed is probably alluded to in 2 Kings iv, 24. (See generally Buckingham, Travels in Palestine, i, 91 ; Kitto, Daily Bible Illustr. ii, 341 ; Thomson, Land and Book, i, 501.) See Ox.
Goad, TiiorAs, D.D., a learned English divine, •was elected to King's College, Cambridge, in 1592. He became rector of Jlilton, Cambridgeshire, and after- wards, successively, prebendary of Winchester and Canterburj', precentor of St. Paul's, rector of Notlev, Essex, and of Iladley, Suffolk. He died in 1638. He was one of the deputies to the Synod of Dort in 1618, as a Calvinist, but he afterwards altered his opinions. His principal works are, A Disputation concerni7ig the Contingency of Events in i-espect of God's eternal Decrees (to be found in the Cumhridge Tracts and in "Womack, Result of False Pnndples). — Darling, Cycl. Bihliograph- ica, i, liTG.
Goadby, Egbert, a printer and publisher of Sher- borne, Dorsetshire, who died in 1778. He compiled and published a commentary under the title An Illus- tration of the Holy Scvijitures hy Notes and Explications on the 0. and N. T., etc. (Lond. 1759-70, 6th ed. 3 vols, fol.). Dr. A. Clarke saj's of it that, " v.iiile it seems to be orthodox, it is written entirel)' on the Arian hy- pothesis." Sellon wrote a reply to it (London, 1765, 12ii.o). — Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. s. v. ; Allibone, Diet, of Authors, i, 680; Home, Bibliographical Appendix.
Goar, Jacques, a French Dominican monk, was born at Paris in 1601. He entered into the order of Preaching Friars in 1019, and taught rhetoric in sev- eral houses of tlie Dominicans for some years. He was then sent on a mission into the Levant, and lived eight years at Chios, where he made the doctrines and ceremonies of the Greek Church the subjects of his in- vestigation, and then came to Rome with many collec- tions of MSS., etc. In 1647 he published at Paris, in Greek and Latin, his E/iYO'^oyioi', Euchologium sive Rituale Gnecoi-iim (Paris, 1647, folio ; Venice, 1730). For the history of liturgies, this is a very valuable and useful work. Goar died at Amiens in 1653. See Echard, Script. Ord. Pi'ml. vol. ii ; Hoefer, Nouv. Bivg. Generale, xx, 860.
Goar, St., a French anchorite, was born in Aqui- taine about the year 585. The legend says that, after being ordained priest, he devoted himself to the propa- gation of Christianity, and left his famil}'' to retire to the neighborhood of Oberwesel (Germany), where he erected a small chapel (at the place since called St. (Goar), beside his cell, to receive pilgrims, and suc- ceeded in converting a large number of heathen. Some of his enemies, havins; accused him as "an im- postor and a man fond of good living" to Eusticus, bish- op of Treves, he cleared liimself by performing several miracles. Sigebert III offered to appoint him bishop in the place of Eusticus, but Goar preferred remaining in his humble position. He died July 6, 649, and was buried in the chapel ho had erected b}"^ Agrippin and Euscbius, two of Sigebcrt's priests. The Church of St. Goar, on the Ehine, was dedicated to him in 1768. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale. xx, 859. (J. N. P.)
Goat, an animal of the genus Capra, found in every part of tlie world, and easily domesticated. There are various names or appellations given to the goat in the original text of the Scriptures. Sec Cattle.
1. Most frecjuently T^', ez, generally said to denote the she-goat (as it is rendered in Gen. xv, 9 ; xxx, 35 ; xxxi, 38; xxxii, 14; Numb, xv, 27), and in several passages undouljtedly so used (Gen. xxxi, 38; xxxii, 14 ; Numb, xv, 27 ; Prov. xxvii, 27) ; but it is equally certain that it is used also to denote the he-goat (Exod. III.— Lll