xii, 5 ; Lev. iv, 23 ; Numb, xxviii, 15 ; 2 Chron. xxix, 21 ; Dan. viii, 5, 8, etc.), which the etymology would seem to show was the original sense. In most of the passages in which it occurs it may denote either the male or the female animal (Gen. xxvii, 16; xxx, 32 33; xxxvii, 31; Lev. i, 10; iii, 12 ; vii, 23; xxii, 19; 1 Sam. XXV, 2 ; 1 Kings xx, 27). It is used also to designate a lid (as rendered in Gen. xxxviii, 17, 20 ; Numb. XV, 11; Judg. vi, 19; xiii, 15, 19; xv, 1; 1 Sam. xvi, 20 [1 Kings xx, 27 ; 2 Chron. xxxv, 7]). From this we are led to conclude that properly it is the generic designation of the animal in its domestic state, a conclusion which seems to be fully established by such usages as C^^'S" ^^'\, a kid of the goats, niy D"^'", a flock o/"" goats," i. e. anj' of the goat species (Gen. xxvii, 9 ; Deut. xiv, 4). Bochart (Ilieroz. bk. ii, c. 51) derives the word 1:^; from flJ, oz, strength ; Ge- senius and FUrst prefer tracing it up to It", azaz', to become strong ; in either case the ground-idea is the su- perior strength of the goat as compared with the sheep ; SjT. ozo ; Arab. 07iaz (where the ?i represents the re- jected 1 of tf"); Phoen. oz, of which 022a or azza is the feminine form. Whether there is anj' aifinity be- tween this and the Sansc. dga, fern, aga, Gr. nit, ai'y- oc, Goth, gaitan, and our goat, may be doubted. In the Sept. TV is usually' represented by a'it,, in a few in- stances by tpicpoc ; and when C^-T" is used elliptically to denote goat's hair (as in Exod. xxvi, 7 ; xxxvi, 14 ; Numb, xxxi, 20), the Sept. renders (tkvtivoq, Tplxivoc, or a'iynog; in 1 Sam. xix, 13 it gives the strange ren- dering i]Tzap Twv fti'yaij', reading 1'ZZ for ^'^32 (comp. Joseph. Ant. vi, 11,4). See Bolster.
2. The next most frequent term is "I^Fl?, attud', which is used only in the plur. D""!'?!^'. In the A.V. it is translated sometimes "rams" (Gen. xxxi, 10, 12), often "he-goats" (Numb, vii, 17-88; Psa. 1, 9; Isa. i, 11 ; Jer. Ii, 40 ; Ezek. xxxiv, 17), but usually simply "goats" (Deut. xxii, 14; Psa. 1, 13; Ixvi, 15; Prov. xxvii, 26; Isa. xxxiv, 6; Ezek. xxvii, 21 ; xxxix, 18 ; Zech. X, 3). The singular occurs frequently in Arabic atiid, and is defined in tlie Kamns as a young goat of a year old (Bochart, Ilieroz. bk. ii, ch. 53, p. 646, where other authorities arc adduced). The name is derived from ^P", aihad' , to set , place , prepare, and hence Bo- chart infers it describes the animal as fully grown, and so prepared for all its functions and uses ; Gesenius, a goat four months old; while others think no more is implied by the name than that this animal was strong and vigorous. The attudim were used in sacrifice (Psa. Ixvi, 15), and formed an article of commerce (Ezek. xxvii, 21 ; Prov. xxvii, 2G). In Jer. 1, 8, the word is employed for the leaders of a flock ("chief ones"); and in Isa. xiv, 9, and Zech. x, 3, it is used metaphorically for princes or chiefs. See He-goat.
3. "ili^, gedi' , is the young of the goat, a kid. The name is derived by Fiirst from the obsolete verb il"l5. gadah' , to cast forth, so that it is equivalent to the Lat- in fatus, but was afterwards restricted to one kind, that of the goat. Gesenius traces it to xXlt, gadah' , to c7-op, and supposes the name was given to it from its cropping the herbage. Both etymologies are pure- ]y conjectural. The phrase D'^•""f^ '^7?i ^^^^ ^f '^^ goats, is frequently used. See above. The reason of this Kinichi finds in the generic sense of ^13, as appli- cable originally to the young either of the sheep or goat, so that it required the addition of n^t"n to spe- cialize its meaning, imtil it came by usage to denote only the latter. Ibn-Ezra thinks the addition was made because the gedi, being yet tender, could not be separated from its mother. The flesh of the kid was esteemed a delicacy by the Hebrews (Gen. xxvii, 9, 14, 17 ; Judg. vi, 19 ; xiii, 15, etc.). — Kitto. See Kid.
GOAT
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GOAT
4. "i^j-'b, sa'ir', signifies properly a he-goat, being de- rived from "ir',r, to bristle, i. e. tlio shagijy ("he-goat," only 2 Chron. xxix, 23; "goat," in Lev. iv, 24; ix, 15;"x, 16; xvi, 7-27; Numb, xxviii, 22; xxix, 22-38 ; Ezek. xliii, 25; "satyr," in Isa. xiii, 21 ; xxxiv, 14; "devil," in Lev. xvii, 7; elsewhere "kid"). It oc- curs frequently in Leviticus and Numbers (""^S'b rxiinn), and is the goat of the sin-offering (Lev. ix, 3, 15 ; X, IG). The word is used as an adjective with I^EjJ in Dan. viii, 21, " — and the goat, the rough one, is the king of Javan," and also in Gen. xxvii, 11,23, " a hairy man." See Satyr. The fern. iTl''"b, sei- ruh' , a «/ic-^oa;, likewise occurs ("kid," Lev. iv, 28; v, G). See Sacrifice.