Good'win, John, an eminent Arminian divine, ■was born in 1593, and was educated at Queen's Col- lege, Cambridge, where he became fellow in 1617. In 1633 he became vicar of St. Stephen's, Coleman Street, London, from which he was ejected in 1645 for refus- ing to administer baptism and the Lord's supper pro- miscuously. He was a man of great courage, elo- quence, and energy ; and, though an Independent in Church government, he was a zealous Arminian in doctrine. At the Kestoration he was exem])ted from pardon ; but no measures were taken against him, and he died in 1665. He wrote The divine Authoritij of the Scriptures asso'ted (Lond. 1648, 4to) : — Eedemption re- deemed, wherein the most glorious Work of the Redemp- tion of the World by Jesus Christ is vindicated against the Encroachments of latter Times (London, 1651, fol. ; new ed. 1840, 8vo) : — Exposition of Romans ix (new ed. by T. Jackson, London, 1835, 8vo) : — Imputaiio Fidei, a Treatise of Justification (London, 1642, 4to). This last treatise was published in an abridged form (12mo) by Mr. "Weslej', who held Goodwin's worlis in high es- teem. A summary of Christian Theolog;/ selected from Goodwin was published by S. Dunn (London, 1836, 12mo) ; and Goodwin's Lfe has also been written by Rev. T. Jackson (London, 1839, 8vo). John Goodwin was in advance of his age, not only in his theology, but also in his broad views of the nature of the Church and of toleration. His writings contributed greatly to the diffusion of sound doctrines on religious liberty. " Had Redemption Redeemed been liis only publication, it should have been enough of itself to perpetuate his fame. Its great learning, clear reasoning, sound judg- ment, and admirable spirit, render it worthy of the study of all lovers of this glorious doctrine, and the name of its author one which all Arminians should delight to honor. A volume so ably written, and go- ing to the bottom of the controversy, could not, in that polemic age, fail of creating a storm. The pulpits rang with charges of heres}'. The press groaned with sermons, pamphlets, and books. Some were bitterly scurrilous. Dr. Hill, master of Trinitv College, Cam- bridge, charged him witli falsifying his quotations, and witli tlie errors of Pelagius. Resbury wrote very much in tlie spirit of Edwards. Robert Baillie seems to liavc talien Prynne for his modal. Barlow, after- wards bishop of Lincoln, alone among the crowd ad- dressed him in a style of manliness and Christian can- dor, speaking of his learning and talents with compli- ment and respect. George Kendall filled two folios, and actually removed to London that he might watch Goodwin and the better oppose him and his doctrine. He says of himself that though he sometimes sneers, he never snarls or bites. He doubtless tells the truth about the sneering and the biting. Toplady thought the ^Redemption Redeemed was effectually answered' by Kendall. ' If it was,' says Sellon, ' I will eat it, as tough a morsel as it is.' Dr. John Owen, then vice- chancellor at Oxford, and overwhelmed with labors, deemed it necessary to employ eight hundred and fifty octavo pages in a reply to the seven chapters on the Perseverance of the Saints" (D. A. Whedon, in Meth- odist Quart. Rev. July, 1863, p. 371 ; Meth. Q. Rev. Oct. 1869, art. 1). — Hook, Eccles. Bing. v, 3.39 ; Allibonc, Diet, (f Authors, i, 704 ; Neal, Ilist. of the Puritans.
Goodwin, Thomas, D.D., a nonconformist Cal- vinistic divine of the 17th centurj', was born at Rollcs-
by, Norfolk, Oct. 5, 1600. He was educated at Christ Church College and Catharine Hall, Camliridge, of which he afterwards became fellow. In 1628 he be- came lecturer of Trinity Church, Cambridge, and four years afterwards was presented by the king to the vic- arage of the same church. Refusing the terms of con- formity, he relinepiished his preferments, and in 1634 quitted the university. During the subsequent perse- cution of the Puritans he fled to Holland, where he be- came minister of a congregation at Arnheim. At the beginning of the Long Parliament he returned to Lon- don, and was one of the Assembly of Divines, with whom, however, he did not always agree. He became a great favorite with Cromwell, through whose influ- ence, in 1649, he was made one of the commissioners for licensing preachers, and appointed president of Magdalen College, Oxford. He was ejected at the Restoration. Anthony Wood stjdes him and Dr. Owen "the two Atlases and patriarchs of Independencj'." He died Feb. 23, 1679. A portion of his works were published in five vols, folio (Lond. 1G81); and besides those to be found there he wrote Certain select Cases resolved, specially tending to the Comfort of Believers in Temjjtation (London, 1647, 4to). I'he following have been recently reprinted, viz. Child of Light (London, 1840, 12mo) : — Ephesians and Revelations (Lond. 1842, 8vo) : — Christ the Mediator (Lond. 1840, 8vo) : — Clones of Christ (1847, 8vo) : — Government of the Church (1848, 8vo) : — Justifjing Faith (1848, 8vo) : — Divine Decrees (1844, 8vo) : — Works, condensed bj' J. Babb (London, 1847-49, 4 vols. 8vo). A new and complete edition of Goodwin's works has just been completed in Xicholls's Series of standard Divines, making 12 vols. 8vo (Edinb. 1861-66), containing (vol. ii) a Memoir of Goodicin, by Robert Halley, D.D. — Jones, Christian Biography, p. 187; Darling, Cyclop. Biblior/raphica, i, 1289; Calamj', Nonconformists' Memoi'ial; Neal, Hist, of the Puritans.