GRISWOLD
1013
GROSSETESTE
brated for his episcopal abilities and admirable endow- ments for spiritual government, as well as his singular learning. The High -churchmen call him an ultra- Protestant, from the favor he showed to the Puritans, and from his abhorrence of Komanizing tendencies. His Remains, edited for the Parker Society, appeared in Cambridge, 1843 (8vo). — Jones, Christian liiog. p. 19'?; Neal, History of the Puritans, vol. i ; Purnet, History of the Reformation, vols, ii, iii ; Strj'pe, Life and Acts of Ahp. Grindal (Oxford, 1821, 8vo).
Griswold, Alexander Viets, D.D., a bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was born April 22, 1766, in Simsbury, Conn., and died in Boston Feb. 15, 1843. He early evinced great capacity, and attained considerable proficiency in Greek and Latin, l)ut unto- ward circumstances thwarted his desire of taking a col- legiate course. After studying law for several years, he decided to enter the ministry, and became a candi- date for orders in 1794, officiating in the parishes of Plymouth, llarwinton, and Litchfield ; was ordained in 1795, and continued in charge of the three parishes named until 1804, when he accepted Bristol parish, R. I. In 1809 he was chosen rector of St. Michael's, Litchfield, and had accepted the call, but, being elected in May, 1810, bishop of the Eastern diocese, then embracing Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Maine, the purposed change was not consummated. He was consecrated in May, 1811, and for some years discharged the double duty of bishop and parish priest. "The year 1812 was signalized by an extensive revi- val of religion under his ministry," and "again and again liis flock was visited witli similar seasons of re- freshing from the presence of the Lord." In reply to objections made against such "awakenings or reforma- tions," he published some papers on " Prayer-meetings and Revivals," in which he ably and zealously vindi- cates them from "the exaggerated charges of disorder, fanaticism, and delusion," and maintains that under proper guidance they promote the religious life and power of the Church. Yielding to the general desire that, his residence should be more centrally located for his diocese, in 1829 he accepted the rectorship of St. Peter's, Salem, ISIass., and removed thither in 1830. He remained in Salem until 1835, when provision hav- ing been made for his independent episcopal support, he removed to Boston, and devoted the remainder of his life exclusively to his episcopal duties. In 1842 he was relieved by the appointment of an assistant bishop, whose consecration was his last ordaining act. He died suddenl}' of heart disease. Bishop Griswold was eminently distinguished among the clergy of his Church for his evangelical spirit and earnest religious life. His chief works are, On the Reformation and the Apostolic Office (Boston, 12mo) : — Sermo7is (Phila. 1830, 8vo) : — Prayers (N. Y.) -.^—Remarks on Social Prayer- meetings (Boston, 1858, 12mo). See Stone, Life of Bish- op Griswold (Phila. 1844, 8vo) ; Sprague, Annals, v, 415 -425 ; Christian Observer, Julj', 1843 ; AUibone, Diet, of Authors, i, 744. (J. W. M.)
Grits from wheat appears from the Sept. in 2 Sam. xvii, 19 ; Prov. xxvii, 22, to be designated by the Heb. nS"i, riphoth^ (Vulg. jHisanm, A. V. "ground com," " wheat"). This kind of meal food is still very com- mon in the East, and the Turks especially employ it in time of war (Faber, in Ilarmer, ii, 26). On the con- trary, the ■'PiT', kali', or "parched corn," of 2 Sam. xvii, 28, appears to be the roasted kernels of the newly- ripe grain, which is still eaten in that manner in Pal- estine (Robinson, ii, 668). See Corn.
Grizzled (T^3, harod', spotted), party-colored or rariegated, as goats (Gen. xxxi, 10, 12) or horses (Zech. vi, 3, 6).
Groin. The edge formed bj' an intersection of two vaults (or curved ceilings). During the early part of the Romanesque period the groins were left perfectly
plain, but later, and especially through the Gothic pe- riod, the}' were invariablj' covered with ribs (or mould- ings).— Parker, Diet, of Architecture (Oxford, 18G4). (G. F. C.)
Groniugen School. See Hofstede.
Groningenists, a sect of Anabaptists (q. v.), who met at certain stated periods in the citv of Groningen. — Mosheiin, Ch. History, cent, xvii, div. ii, pt. ii, ch. v, § 3.
Greet. Geert (Lat. Gerhardus Magnus), was born at Deventor in 1340, studied in Paris, and subsequent- ly taught philosophy and theology in Cologne. Be- ing possessed of a considerable property and of several prebends, lie abandoned himself to a luxurious life, from which he was recalled by a serious sickness and the impressive exhortations of a friend, the Carthusian Henry Aeger. Thorough!}' reformed, he oiitered the monastery of INIonkhuysen, near Antwerp; luit he left it again after three years, in order to become a travel- ling preacher. In union with Florence Radwyn, he established at Dsventer the Society of the Brethren of Common Life, which was sanctioned in 1376 bj' Gregory XI. He died at Deventer of the plague, August 20, 1384. He wrote De \'eridica Predicatione Evangelii : — De Sacris Lihris StuJendis (both in Kem- pis. Opera, t. iii). Thirty-three treiitises of his remain in MS. See Ullmann, Reformers hefn-i' the Reforma- tion, vol. i ; Biihringer, Kirche Christ', vol. ii, ])t. iii, p. 612-644 ; Hoefcr, Nouv. Bioy. Gmende, s. v. Groot. See Brethren of the Cojimon Life.