Gurnall, WiLLiAjr, an English divine, and a "man of great excellence of character," was born in 1617, ■was educated at Emanuel College, Cambridge, and was minister at Lavenham for 35 years. He becams a rec- tor in 1614, Init did not receive episcopal ordination un- til the Itestoration. He published a volume of Sermons (1660, 4to). but is best known as the author of T/ie Chiistian in complete Ai-mor (1st ed. 1656-1662, 3 vols. 4to ; new ed. 1841, 1 vol. 8vo), of which an edition, with a biographical introduction by the Rev. J. C. It.yle, was published in 1865 (Lond. 2 vols. imp. 8vo). This work is described by Dr. E. Williams (Christian Preacher~) as "full of allusions to scriptural facts and figures of speech, generally well supported ; sanctitied wit, holy fire, deep experience, and most animat9d practical ap- plications." Gurnall died in 1679. See Biographical Introduction by Rj'le in the edition last named above, and AUibone, Diet, of Authors, i, 749. (J. W. M.)
Gurney, Joseph John, an eminent minister of the Gospel, Christian philanthropist, and theological •writer, was born at Earlham Hall, near Norwich, Eng- land, Aug. 2, 1788. The family of Gurney, or Gour- nay, sprang from a house of Norman barons who fol- lowed William the Conqueror into England. Such ■was his reputation for wisdom, discrimination, and sound scholarship, that lord Morpeth, when in Phila- delphia, used to say, " Mr. Gurney is authority upon any subject in London." Although his family for two centuries deservedly wielded great influence in Nor- folk, his large reputation is based upon his individual character and merits. In earlj' mauliood he dedicated himself to the service of his divine Redeemer, and made an open Christian confession as a member of the religious Society of Friends, in which Church he be- came an illustrious minister, being instrumental in ■winning many souls to Christ in Great P)r:tain and Ireland. In the love of the Gospel, he made three missionar}' visits to the continent of Europe, and spent three j-ears (1837-40) in North America and the West
India Islands, preaching Christ with powerful demon.. stration of the Spirit. lie often joined his sister, tbe celebrated and excellent Elizabeth Fry, in labors in the British prisons. The apostolic character of his preaching is shown in the volume of sermons and pray- ers delivered in Philadelphia in the winter of 1838, and taken in short-hand by Edward Hopper, Esq, Pos- sessed of great wealth, he was a faithful steward, and his large-hearted and well-directed benevolence waa "like the dew, with silent, genial power, felt in the bloom it leaves along the meads." He was the asso- ciate of Clarkson, Wilberforce, his brother-in-law. Sir T. Fowell Buxton, and others, in the successful efforts for the abolition of slavery ; and he was never known to be silent or unsympatbizing when others needed his voice or his purse. Eminent as were his gifts and ac- quirements, his simplicity of character and humility, and, more than all, his conformitj' to the will of Christ, made him the sweet and willing minister and servant of all. In this capacitj'' he served his generation ac- cording to the will of God. In his Christian authorship, his influence for good will extend to successive genera- tions. His principal writings are as follows : Observa- tions on the distinguishin.f) Views of the Societij of Friends (this is a standard book — the seventh edition, contain- ing the author's latest revisions, and an introductory treatise of great value, should supersede former edi- tions) : — Essays on Christianity : — Biblical Notes on the Deity of Christ (an illustration of the texts relating to this subject) : — Essays on the habitual Exercise of Love to God as a Preparation for Heaven : — A Letter to a Friend on the Doctrine of Redemption : — Hints on the portable Evidences of Christianity : — Brief Remarks on the nistoiy, Authority, and Use of the Sabbath: — Guide to the Instruction of young Persons in the holy Scrij)- tures: — On the moral Character of our Lord Jesus ChHst: — Christianity a Religion of Motives: — An Ac- count of John Strafford: — An Address to the Mechan- ics of Manchester : — The Accordance of geological Dis- covery with naturcd and revealed Religion: — Familiar Sketches of the late William Wilberforce: — Chalmeria- na: — Sabbatical ]'e7'ses, and other Poems: — A Winter in the West Indies: — A Journey in North America, de- scribed in familiar Letters to Amelia Opie: — Thoughts on Habit and Discipline: — Terms of Union in the Bible Society : — Puseyism traced to its Root : — Notes on Pris- ons and Prison Discipline, etc. His last publication was an admirable and Christian declaration of his fiiith. In him was illustrated the Scripture, " The path of the just is as a sliining light, which shineth more and more unto the perfect day." He fell asleep in Jesus Jan. 4, 1847. See 3fpmorial issued b}^ Lon- don Yearlj' Meeting; J. B. Braithwaite, Memoirs of J. J. Gurnry, vnth Selections from his Journal and Corre- spondence (Norwich, 2 vols. 8vf>) ; Iloefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxii, 854 ; Allibone, Diet, of Authors, i, 750. (W. J. A.)
Gurtlerus. See Gdertler.
Gvtry, Joseph Pierre, a Roman Catholic theolo- gian, whose works on moral theology have obtained a great notoriety' hy the many offensive doctrines which he defends. He was born Jan. 23, 1801, entered in 1824 the Society of Jesus, became ])rofessor of moral theologv at Vals, in France, and died April 18, 1866, at Mercoeur, in the Auvergne. He wrote a Compen- dium Theologim moralis (Itii ed. Ratisbon, 1868 ; Ger- man translation, Ratisbon, 1869), and Casus Conscierh- tiic in preccipuns qua^stiones Theologim moralis (Ratis- bon, 1865). Both works have passed through a large number of editions in France and other countries, and have been introduced as text-books into a number of ecclesiastical seminaries. In the Diet of the grand- duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, the government was in 1869 attacked by the Liberal party for allowing the Roman Catholic bishop of Mentz to introduce this work into the diocesan seminar}-, on the ground that it teaches,