Ha-ammonai. See Chephar-iiaammonai.
Haan, Carolus de, was born at Arnheim Aug. 16, 1530. Becoming acquainted with the Reformation, he resolved to leave the Roman Catholic Church and his legal studies, and repaired to Geneva, where he studied theology under Calvin and Beza. In loGO he became a minister 'of the Reformed Church at Deventer. Driven from thence by persecution, he was invited to Ham by William, duke of Cleves, and exercised his ministry tliere for sixteen years, until persecution again compel- led him to depart. Count Jan of Nassau, stadtholder of Guelderland, and his son, Lodewijk Willem, stadtholder of Friesland, then secured his services to etfect a refor- mation of the Church in their respective provinces. He afterwards returned to Deventer, but was again com- pelled to leave it in 1587, when it fell into the hands of tlie Spaniards. He repaired the same year to Leyden, where he was temporarily appointed professor extraor- dinary of theology. This position he held for foiu: years. He was then called to Oldenbroek, where he exercised liis ministry till he had passed the age of eighty. He died at Leyden Jan. 28, 1610. He wrote an exposition of the Revelatfen of St. John in Latin, and a work m Dutch against the Anabaptists. See Glasius, Godge- leerd Nederland, i. ' (J. P. AV.)
Ha-araloth. See Gibeaii-haaualoth.
Haas, Gerarous de, D.D., was born in 1736. Af- ter completing his theological studies at Utrecht, and receiving the doctorate in theology in 17G1, he was set- tled successively at Amersfoort, Middclburg, and Am- sterdam. His works are chiefly exegetical and dog- matic. The most important of them are, A anmerkinr/en over hei senende Boek der Godspranken van Jesaiu (Utr. 1773): — Ilet vijfde en drie vohjende hoofdMukken uit Pau- las brief aan de Romeinen rerkhiani ( Amst. 1789-93, 3 parts) : — Verhandeling over de toekomendv wereld (Amst. 1798) : — Over de Openbaring ran Johannes (Amst. 1807, 3 parts). He also completed the commentary of Prof. Nahnis on the Epistle to the Philippians. It was pub- lished at Amsterdam in 1783 in 3 vols. See Glasius, Godgeleerd Ncderlaml, i. (J. P. V<,\)
rv.— A
Haba'iah (Heb. Chabaynh', fl^nn or t^'^'^^,, pro- ieded by Jehoyah; Sept. 'Oflaia and 'EfSaia), a priest Avhose descendants returned from the captivity with Ze- rubbabel, but were degra<led from the priestly office on account of not b^ing able to trace their genealogy (Ezra ii, 6 ; Neh. vii, 63). B.C. ante 459.
Hab'akkuk [many Ilabak'kuk] (Heb. Chabak- kuk', p^psn, embrace; Sept. 'Ai.cj3aK0v/i,Vvlg. Ilabu- cuc ; Jerome, Prief. in llab. translates Trspi\i]\l/tc, and Suidas TrctTi'ip iy'tpanoQ ; other Gnecized and Latinized forms are 'AfijiaKovf^i, 'AfiliuKom, Ambacum, Abacuc, etc.), the eighth in order of the twelve minor prophets (q. V.) of the Old Testament.
1. As to the name, besides the above forms, the Greeks, not only the Sept. translators, but the fathers of the, Church, probably to make it more sonorous, cor- rupt it into ApajiuKovK' 'Apa(3aKovp(iJ, or, as Jerome writes, 'AjSaKovpuj, and only one Greek copy, f )und in the library of Alcala, in Spain, has 'AfifiaKovic, which seems to be a recent correction made to suit the Hebrew text. The Heb. word may denote, as observed by Je- rome, as well a '"favorite" as a " struggler." Abarbanel thinks that in the latter sense it has allusion to the pa- triotic zeal of the prophet fervently contending for the welfare of his country : but other prophets did the same ; and in the former and less distant signification, the name woidil be one like Theoiihilus, " a friend of God," which his parents may have given him for a good omen. Lu- ther took the name in the active sense, and applied it to the labors and wTitings of the man, thus : " Habak- kuk had a proper name for his oflUce ; for it signifies a man of heart, one who is hearty towards another and takes him into his arms. This is what he does in his prophecy; he comforts his people and lifts them up, as one would do with a weejiing child or man, bidding him be quiet and content, because, please God, it woidd yet be better with liim." But all this is speculation. See Keil and Delitzsch, Comment, ad cap. i, 1.
2. Of the facts of this prophet's birth-place, parent- age, and life we have only apocryphal and confiieting accomits (see Delitzsch, De I/abacuci vita et a'tatc. Lijis. 1842, 1844). The Rabbinical tradition that Habakkuk was the son of the Shunammite woman whom •*lisha restored to life is repeated by Almrbancl in his commen- tary, and has no other foundation than a fanciful ety- mology of the prophet's name, based on the expression in 2 Kings iv, 16. Equally unfounded is the tradition that he was the sentinel set by Isaiah to watch for the destruction of Babvlon (corop. Isa. xxi, 16 with Hab. ii, 1). In the title of the history of Bel and the Dragon, as found in the Sept. version in Origeu's Tetrapla, the author is called " Habakkuk, the son of Joshua, of the tribe of Levi." Some have supposed this apocr>'phal ^\Titer to be identical with the prophet (Jerome, Proam. in Dan.). Tlie psalm in ch. iii and its title are thought to favor the opinion that Habakkuk was a Levite (De-
HABAKKUK !
litzscb, Uahnhd; p. lii). rseiulo-Epiphanius (li. 240, De I'itu Proplietiirum) and Dorothciis (C/inm. I'ltsch. p. 150) say that he was of Bj/W^oic/';;) or H>/fl(roi',Y"P (v. r. Bflf^oK/'/p, B(t';'fX''i") (Belhiwat, Isid. Ilispal. o. 47), of the tribe of .Simeon. This may have been the same as liethzacharias. where Judas JIaceaba;us was defeated by AntiocluLs Kupator (1 Mace, vi, 32, 33). The same au- thors relate that wlien Jerusalem was sacked by Nebu- chadnezzar, Haljakkuk tied to Ostracine, and remained there till after the Chaldreans had left the city, when he returned to his own country, and died at his farm two years before the return from Babylon, B.C. 538. It was (lurinj; his residence in Jud.Ta tliat he is said to have carried food to Daniel in the den of lions at Babylon. This Icfjend is fjiven in the history of I$el and the Drag- on, anil is repeated by Eiisebius, Bar Hcbroeus, and Eu- tychius. It is (juoted from Joseph bcn-(Jorion {B. J. xi, 3) by Abarbancl (Comm. on Hub.), and seriously re- futcil by him on chronological grounds. The scene of the event was shown to mediieval travellers on the road from Jenisalem to Bethlehem (Karli/ Travels in rales- tine, p. 20). Habakkuk is said to have been buried at C'eila, in the tribe of Judah, eight miles cast of Eleu- theropolis (Eusebius, Onomasticon, s. v.) ; where, in the days of Zebenus, bishop of Eleutheropolis, according to Nicephorus (//. IC. xii, 48) and Sozomen (//. E. vii, 28), the remains of the prophets Habakkuk and ^Slicah were both discovered. .See Kkilaii. llaliliinicnl tradition, however, places his tomb at Chukkok, of the tribe of Naphthali, now called Jakuk. See IIikkok.