Heidegger, Johann HEixnicir, D.D., a Swiss Prot- estant theologian, was born near Zurich July 1, 1633. He studied at Marburg and Heidelberg, where he gradu- ated, and soon after became extraordinary professor of Hebrew, and then professor of theolog}\ In 1659 he went to Steinfurt as professor of tleology and ecclesias- tical historj% War having dispersed the students of Steinfurt, Heidegger returned to Zurich in 1665, and was professor of moral philosophy in the University of the city until 1667. He died at'Zurich Jan. 18, 1698. He was the compiler of the famous Formida Consensus, adopted by the Synod of Zurich in 1675. See Helvet- ic Confession's. His writings are chiefly polemical ; the most important are Disputatio theolor/ica de Jine mundi (Steinfurt, 1660, 4to) : — Dejide decretorum Concilii Tridentini Qutestiones theologicce (Steinfurt, 1662, 8 vo) : — De A riiculisfundamentalibus Judaicw Eeligionis (Stein- furt, 1664, 4to) : — De Hist, sacra Patriarcharum (Amst.
1667-1671, 2 vols. 4to ; Zurich, 1729, 2 voLs. 4to) :_.} »«, tome Concilii Tridentiid (Zurich, 1()72, 2 vols. 8vo):-^ Dissertationes selecta: sacrum theologium dogiiKiticaiii, etc. illiist. (Zur. 1675-1690, 4 vols. 4t(i) :—lLiir}u,;il. nih- l.iclim sHrriiir/iiis (Zini>_'b. l(;sl,,Svo; Ani.M. IC-s, ,svn; Jena, ITS.;. Sv,. l :— ///x/-/-. I'apntH,. iiurissi,,,., Ilisluriw.
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'l.^iii! Falirn nj,/„,<l/,, ( AiiiM. ICSl, French, Amst. 16.s5, 2 vols. 12nio): !.'<, sen in Did Johannis theologi mil de Dahyhme mai/iia diafrike |t,,):^/„ r'iiiiii Cniirnnliie erelisi- Miiiiiidiiri;., (Ain.~t. ICsr.Xvo):— liHtiiii, etc. (Zurich, 1690, 2 vols. 4to) : — Labores exegetici in Josuavi, Mattlueum, Roma- nos, Corinthios et Hehrceos (Zurich, 1700, 4to) : — Corpus Theologim christ. (Zurich, 1700, M.) ■.—Medulla Medul- l(B Theol. christ. in gratiam et vsvm tyronum, etc. His autobiography was published by Hofmeister under the title Hist.Vitce J.H. Ileideggeri, cui mm paura hii^torinm Ecclesioe tempioris ejusdem, nee nmi litii nis citm-i iKuutia, imeruntur (Zurich, 1698, 4to).— Nicer.. n, M,ui,ilr,.< jmiir sei-rir, xvii, 143 ; Hoefcr, Noui: Biog. (jenerale, xxiii, 766 sq. ; Schweizcr, in ll(crzo<^, I'eal-E?icyllopadie,v, 652.
Heidelberg Catechism, one of the symbolical books of the Peformed Chiu:ch. Its name is derived from the city in which it was compiled and first printed. It is also sometimes styled the Palatinate Catechism, from the territorj^ (the Palatinate) of the prmce (Fred- erick III) under whose auspices it was prepared. The original German title (of the editio princcps) is Cate- clii.^iiiii.^. nd, r ( ■/iri.<l/irlii r Viid, rrirht. irie ,1, r in Kirehm in,,/ ,S,-hiil,„ d,r Cliiirfuriidh-lnii P/iih: ;,, I ,;,h, „ irirdt. Gednirkt ill dir Chiirjlir.-itlirhii, St'ml ih yiUJh, nj, diireh Johannem Mayer, 1563 (Catechism, or Christian In- struction, according to the Usages of the Churches and Schools of the Electoral Palatmate).
I. History. — Soon after the introduction of Protes- tantism into the Palatmate in 1546, the controversy be- tween Lutherans and Calvinists broke out, and for years, especially under the elector Otto Heinrich (1556-59), it raged with great violence in Heidelberg. Frederick III, who came into power in 1559, adopted the Calvinis- tic view on the Lord's Supper, and favored that side with all his princely power. He reorganized the Sa- pienz College (founded by his predecessor) as a theo- logical school, and put at its head (1562) Zacharias Ur- sinus, a pupU and friend of Melancthon, who had adopted the Reformed opinions. See Ursinus. In order to put an end to religious disputes in his dominions, he deter- mined to put forth a Catechism, or Confession of Faith, and laid the duty of preparing it upon Zacharias Ur- sinus (just named) and Caspar Olevianus, for a time profefsor in the Univeri-ity of Heidelberg, then court- preacher to Frederick III. They made use, of course, of the existing catechetical literatiu-e, especially of the catechisms of Calvin and of John a Lasco. Each pre- pared sketches or drafts, and "the final preparation was the work of both theologians, with the constant co-op- eration of Frederick HI. Ursinus has always been re- garded as the princijial author, as he was afterwards the chief elefender and interpreter of the Catechism ; still, it would appear that the nervous German style, the divi- sion into three parts (as distinguished from the five parts in the Catechism of Calvin and the previous draft of Ursinus), and the genial warmth and unction of the whole work, are chittlv due to Olevianus" (Schafif, m Am. Presb. Per. July, 1863, p. 379).
When the Catechism was completed, Frederick laid it before a synod of the superintenelents of the Palati- nate (Deceniber, 1562). After careful examination it was approved. The first edition, whose full title is given above, appeared in 1563. The preface is dated January 19 of that year, and runs in the name of the elector Frederick, who probably wrote it. A Latin ver- sion appeared in the same year, translated by Joliannes Lagus and Lambertus Pithopanis. The German version is the authentic standard. T^^■o other editions of the
HEIDELBEllG CATECHISM 160 HEIDELBERG CATECHISM