3. Luther admitted the validity of Romish baptism, and in this he is followed by Protestants generally, who do not rebaptize converts from Rome. The Protestant chiurches (except the Baptist) admit the validity of each other's baptism. See Herzog, Rcal-EncijUop. vii, 538 ; Coleman, A nc. Christianity, p. 3G3 ; Elliott, Roman- ism, bk. ii, ch. ii ; Guericke, Christl. Symholik; g 59.
Heriger. See Lobees.
Heritage, denoted by several Heb. words : njHX, achuzzdh', a " possession ;" l^^!^3, nachalah', or 5*^^;, nachulath', " heritage," etc. ; also •ITiJ'^^, yerushshah'; il^'^iTS, morashah'. Only sons (compare Gen. xxi, 10 ; '
xxxi, 14 sq.), and, indeed, only those of regular wives (comp.Gen.xxi,10 scj.; xxiv,36; xxv, 5s(i.- Jephthah is no exception, Judg. xi, 2, 7 ; see Bastahd), had any legal title to the paternal inheritance, according to an- cient usage among the Israelites ; and amongst these the first-born, who might be of the favorite or a less fa- vored wife, enjoyed a double portion (Dent, xxi, 15 sq.). See Pkimogenitl're. Daughters became heiresses, when sons existed, only by the special grant of the fa- ther (Josh. XV, 18 sq. ; comp. Job xlii, 15), but regularly in the absence of male heirs (Numb, xxvii, 8) ; yet heir- esses (t7riic\?;po( — such, according to many, was Mary, the mother of Jesus) were not allowed to marry a man of another tribe (Numb. xxxvi,6 sq. ; comp. Tobit vi, 12 sq. ; vii, 14 ; Josephus, A nt. iv, 7, 5 ; see Michaelis, Mos. Recht, ii, 81 ; Biuxtorf, Sponsal. et Dioort. p. 67 sq., in Ugolini Thesaiir. xxx ; Selden, Be successione in bona jmt. c. 18), so as not to interrupt the regular transmis- sion of the estate (see Wachsmuth, Ilellcn. Alterthnmsh iii, 206, 213 ; Gans, Erbrecht, i, 337 sq. ; comp. Rhode, Rel Bild. d. Hindu, ii, 608). On the heirship of distant kinsmen, see Numb, xxvii, 9 sq. (comp. Philo, Works, ii, 172 ; see IMishna, Buba Balhra, iv, 3, c. 8, 9 ; Gans, Erbrecht, i, 152 sq.). Respecting written wills, we find nothing legally prescribed (see S. Rau, De Testamentiji- catione Hebrceis vet. iynota, prass. L. Van Wolde, Traj. ad Rhen. 1760; also in Oelrich's Collect. Opusc. i, 305 .sq.), and as the heirship-at-law had undisputed force as a le- gal principle (Numb, xxi, 11 ), it must have operated as a testamentary disposition. of the inheritance, to the ex- clusion of any more formal method of bequest (Gans, Erbrecht, i, 149 sq.) ; for the passage in Tobit viii, 23 does not refer to a devise by will, and Prov. xvii, 2 only shows that slaves might become heirs by a special ar- rangement of their masters (see Rosenmliller in loc. ; Gesenius, Thes. Heb. i, 483), while Gen. xv, 3 refers to an earlier period. But in later times regular testaments must have obtained among the Jews (Gal. iii, 15; Heb. ix, 17 ; comp. Josephus, Ant. xiii, 16, 1 ; xvii, 3, 2 ; War, ii, 2, 3), in imitation of the Greeks and Romans (see Smith's Diet, of Class. Antiq. s. v. Heres, Testamcntum) ; and in the Talmudical law of heritage they became of effect (Gans, Erbrecht, i, 171), although not in the ex- tensive sense of the Roman law. Sometimes the parent divided the inheritance (i. e. a portion of it) among his children during his lifetime (Luke xv, 12; comp. Tobit viii, 23; see Rosenmidler, Morgenl. v, 197). (On the subject generally, see Michaelis, Afos. Recht, ii, 76 sq.; J. Selden, De successione in bona defuncti ad ley. Hebr. Lond. 1636 ; also in his Uxor. Ebr. and in his Works, ii, 1 sq.)— Winer, i, 335. See Ixheritaxce.
Hermann of Cologne (prince archbishop), son of Frederick I, count of Wied, was educated for the priest- hood, elected archbishop in 1515, and confirmed by pope Leo X as Hermann V. Having imbibed the principles of the Reformation, he first attempted a Roman Catholic reform in Cologne, but, finding this impossible, he at last assumed a Protestant position, and invited Bucer and IMelancthon, in 1542, to assist him. Had he succeeded in his plans, the whole Rhine country would probably have become Protestant; but he was excommunicated by the pope, menaced by the emperor, and abandoned by his estates. He finally resigned his office in 1547, and retired to his estates in Wied, where he died Aug. 15, 1552. He was beloved by his people, honored by the emperor Charles V, and esteemed by the great lead- ers of the Reformation. An account of Hermann's re- lation to his times is given in Deckers, Hermann von Wied (Cologne, 1840). " His Eorm of Service was made use of in the framing of the English " Book of Common Prayer." See Hase, Church History, § 337-340 ; Hard- wick, History of the Reformation, p. 65, 213. See Cosi-
3ION PrAYEK.
Hermann of Fritzi.ar, a mystic, was bom at Fritzlar, in Hesse, towards -the middle of the 14th cen- turj'. Nothuig certain is luiown of his position or so-
HERMANN
204
HERMAS
eial relations: it is probable, however, that he was a ricli layman, like Nicholas of Basle, wlio retired from the world to devote himself to reading and writing theological works. One of his earlier works, to which he refers himself, Die Blume de?- Schauunrj ( doubtless of speculative tendency), appears to have been lost. We have, however, his Heiligeiilehen (printed in Pfeiffer's Deutschen Mystikern des 14 Jahrh. i, 1-258, from the Heidelberg MS. executed under his supervision in 1343- 1349). It is an extensive work, compiled from sources now mostly lost.— Herzog, Real-Encyklop, (J, N. P.)