Hermann of Leiinix. See Leiixix.
Hermann of Salga. See Salga.
Hermann of Wikd. See Wied.
Hermann, or Hermannus, Coxtractus, so call- ed Irom disease having shrunk up his limbs, was a monk of Keichenau, and one of the learned men of the 11th century, being well skilled in Latin, Greek, and Arabic. He was born in 1013, and was the son of the couut of Weringen in Suevia. He wrote a Chronicle {De Sex mtatihus mundi), which commences at the Cre- ation and ends A.D. 1052. The events occiuring before the Christian sera are very briefly noticed, but after- wards he enters into more details, and amplifies as he approaches nearer to his own times. The " Chronicle" was continued by Berthold of Constance up to 10(35, and pubhshed at Basle in 1536, and again at St. Blaise in 1790 (2 vols. 4to). It may be found also in Bibl. Mux. Pair. vol. xviii. Trithemius ascribes the h j-nnis A Ima Eedempt07-is mater and Salve Regina to Hermann. See Dupin, Ecd. Writers, ix, 102.
Hermann or Hermannus, abbot of Tours, A.D. 1127, resigned his office in consequence of long-continued illness. He wrote Tractatus de Dicarnatione Christi (ed. C. Oudin, Yet. Sac. Lugd. Bat. 1(592) ; three books of the Miracles of Mary of Laon; and a History of the Mon- astery of St. Martin in Tours, which are given in D'Aclierj'^, Sjnciley. ii, 888. — Dupin, Ecclesiastical Writ- ers, X, 181.
Hermann von der Hardt, a German Protestant theologian and philologist, was born at MeUe (Westpha- lia) Nov. 15, 16(;0. He studied at Osnabruck, Jena, and Hamburg. In 1681 he began to lecture privately at Jena, but, not succeeding as well as he had expected, he went to Lejpzig in 1686, where he joined the celebrated Collegium philobihlicum. In 1 688 he became Hbrarian and secretary of duke Rudolph August of Brunswick, and the latter caused him finally to be appomted pro- fessor of Oriental languages at the University of Helm- stadt in 1690. He afterwards became senior of the Uni- versity and provost of the convent of IMaricnburg. He died Feb. 28, 1746. Hermann was a very active and in- genious scholar, but his tendency to paradoxical asser- tions caused him to fall into errors, which, however, were perhaps too severely condemned by his adversaries. He wrote Autographa Lutheri aliorumque celehium viro- rum, etc. (Brunsw. 1690-1693, 3 vols. 8vo) -.^ Kphemer- iJi\< I'lrdologica;, quibus difficiliora qinrddni hint Penta- teurhi ml llehraicorum fontium ti-mn-i m. (rjilictita, etc. (HehnstaiU, 1693, 1696, and 1703):— //,;«,/»■ Ulnstratus chuldaica Joiuithanis versions et philologicis celehrium rahbinurnm Raschi, Aben Esrm et Kimchi commentariis (Helmst. 110-2, nib') •.—Magnum n'oimenlmm r,„i<^tnii- tinense Concilium de universali Eccl< siir /■- lonmiiiniH^ ■unione e^ yt(/c, etc. (Frankf. and Lei])/.. 1700. izij, I xols. fol.): — Uistoria Uttcmrui Rrformiilliinis ( iMaiikrnrt and Leipz. 1717) :—£■(•(/////, /;,v,^ //, / /„/,,,r;/,,s in „< gnii,, J,„i,r quatuor libris declaniid ( I-Vaiikl'. 17 lit. ltd ) :— . Kniijuitita prisci orbis : Jonas in luce in historia Manussis et .lo- sice ; ^Enigniata Grcecorum et Lalinorum ex cidigine ; Apoc'dypsis ex fenebris (Helmst, 1723, fol.). This work attracfi'd great attention when first pubhshed:— 7o??i7;i- priiiiii.< 111 .liihinii, histoi-iam ijopuli Israelis in Assyriaco txi/io. y.iiiunid erersa et regiw extincto,&tc. (Helmstadt, 1 7-is. i; ,1. ). See J. Fabricius, //m^ Bibloth. pt. ii, p. 842- 847.351-352; Nova Acta Eruditorum (an. 1746, p. 475-
480) ; Breithaupt, Memoria Herm, v. d. Hardt (Helmst 1746); Hoefer, Nouv, Biog. Generale, xxiii,362.
Hermann, Nikolauff, one of the earliest evan- gelical hymnologists, flourished about the middle of the 16th century. His intimate relation with the minister of the chiu-ch of his place (which he served as organist), Mathesius, the biographer of Luther, gave to his com- positions a true reform spirit and the child-like simplic- ity of a Christian mind. They have been preserved in general use even to our own day.— ^Brockhaus, Conver- sations Lexicon, vii, 841 ; Gervinus, Gesch. d. poetischen Nationallit. d. Deutschen, iii, 10, 32. (J. II. W.)
Hermaphrodite Orders. See Moxasticism.
Her'mas (EpfiaQ, from 'Eppijc, the Greek god of gain, or Mercury), the name of a person to whom Paul sends greeting in his Epistle to the Romans (xvi, 14), and consequently then resident in Rome and a Christian (A.D. 55) ; and yet the origin of the name, like that of the other four mentioned in the same verse, is Greek. However, in those days, even a Jew, like Paul himself, might acquire Roman citizenship. Irenreus, Tertullian, and Origen agree in making him identical with the au- thor of " the Shepherd" of the following article, but this is greatly disputed. He is celebrated as a saint in the Roman calendar on IMaj^ 9. — Smith, s. v.
Hermas, one of the so-called apostolical fathers (q. v.), the supposed author of a tract that has come down to us under the name of noip{]v. The Shepherd, and gen- erally designated by the title Pastor Ilerrnm. The au- thorship of the tract is uncertain, but it is clearly not the work of the Hermas ('Ep/icif,) mentioned in Rom. xvi, 14, as Origen, Eusebius, and Jerome believed, and as the tract itself seems to pretend. The author ap- pears to have been a layman of the 2d century, proba- bly a Roman tradesman "who had lost his wealth through his own sins and the misdeeds of his neglected sons" (Hilgenfeld; Schaff, Uisto7-y of the Church, § 121). Others ascribe it to Hermas or Hermes, brother of Pius, bishop of Rome from A.D. 142 to 157. Of the Greek original we have nothing left but fragments, which are given in Fabricius, Cod. Apocryph. N. Test, iii, 378, and in Grabe, Spicileg. i, 303. M. dAbbadie claims (1860) to have discovered a third in Ethiopia, which he has transcribed and translated into Latin (Lpz. 1860) ; but whether the text from which it is taken is correct is a matter for further investigation. The Greek text was at an early period' translated into Latin, and, since the beginning of the 15th centurv, often published (Paris, 1513, fol.; Strasb. 1522, 4to; ISasle, 1555 and 1569, fol.; Oxford, 1685, 12mo; with additions by Le Clerc, Amst. 1698, 1724; Paris, 1715, 12mo). It is also inserted in the various collections of the fathers in Cotelier, Patres cevi apostolici (Paris, 1672, fol.), and in French in Des- prez's Bible (Paris, 1715, fol. vol. iv). It is also given in the various editions of the Apostolical Fathers (q. v.). Of late years this tract has been the subject of more ed- iting and literary criticism than almost any relic of the early Church. In 1857 Dressel published at Leipzig a new Latin translation of the Pastor which he found in a MS. at Rome, and which differs from the other. The edition contains also a Greek text of the Yloi/jtjv, re- vised by Tischendorf. This text, it is claimed, was found in a convent of Mount Athos by Simonides. Tischendorf considers it, however, only as a retransla- tion from the Latin into Greek, and places its origin in the IMiddle Ages. Tischendorf himself discovered, in the Codex Sinaiticus, the Greek text of book i of the Shepherd, and the first four chapters of book ii ; this is given in the recent edition of Dressel, Patres Ajjosf. (Lips. 1863) ; also by Hilgenfeld, who has carefully ed- ited the Pastor Bermm in his Nov. Test, extra Canonem receptum (fasc. iii, Lips. 1866). The A nte-Nicene Chris- tian Library, vol. i (Ediub. 1867), contaiiis a new and good translation of the Shepherd, foUowiug the text of Hilgenfeld, who makes use of the text found in the Si- naitic Codex.