Hier'eel (lt^ei)X), given (1 Esdr. ix, 21) as the name of one of the " sons of Emmer" who divorced their heathen wives after the Captivity; evidently the Jehi- EL ((1. V.) of the Heb. text (Ezra x, 21).
Hier'enaoth ('Itps/^ai,?), the name of two men in the Apocrypha.
1. A "son ofEla,"who divorced his Gentile wife after the Captivity (1 Esdr. ix, 27) ; the Jerijioth (q. v.) of the Heb. text (Ezra x, 26).
2. A " son of Mani" who did the same (1 Esdr. x, 80) ; the R.\jioth (q. v.) of the Heb. text (Ezra x, 29).
Hierie'lus ('IfpujXoc v. r. 'It^pir/Xoc), another of the '• sons of Ela" who in like manner divorced his wife (1 Esdr. ix, 27) ; the Jehiel (q. v.) of Ezra x, 26.
Hier'mas ('lep/iac), one of "the sons of Phoros" who did the same (1 Esdr. x, 26) ; the R^vsiiah (q. v.) of tlic Heb. text (Ezra x, 25).
Hierocles, governor of Bithynia, and afterwards of Alexandria (A.D. 30G), is said by Lactantius {Imt. JJivin. V, 2; Z>e Morte Persec. c. 17) to have been the principal adviser of the persecution of the Christians in the reign of the emperor Diocletian (A.D. 302). He also wrote two books against Christianity, entitled Aoyoi (piXaXi)- 6hc TvpoQ TOVQ Xpiariavovc {Truth-lovhig Words to the Christians), which, Uke Porph}Ty's (q. v.) work, have been destroyed by the mistaken zeal of the later empe- rors, and they are known to us only by the replies of Eu- sebius of Caesarea. In these, accordmg to Lactantius, " he endeavored to show that the sacred Scriptures over- throw themselves by the contradictions with which they abound ; he particularly insisted upon several texts as inconsistent with each other; and indeed on so many, and so distinctly, that one might suspect he had some time professed the religion which he now attempted to expose. He chiefly reviled Paul and Peter, and the other disciples, as propagators of falsehood. He said that Christ was banished by the Jews, and after that
got together 900 men, and committed roblx'ni-. He en- deavored to overthrow Christ's miracles, though he tlid not deny the truth of them, and aimed to show that like things, or even greater, had been done by Apollo- nius of Tyana" {Inst. Uicin. v, 2, 3). Eusebius's treatise above referred to is "Ar/ainst Hierocles;" in it he re- views the Life of Apollonius written by Philostratus (published by Olearius, with Latin version, Leips. 1709). See Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grccca, i, 792 ; Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 306; English Cijclopwdia ; Yairax, Ilistori/ of Eree Thought, p. 62, 64 ; Neander, Ch. Ilist.i, 173 ; SchaflF, Ch. History, i, 194 ; Brockhaus, Encyklop. vii, 916 ; Lardner, Works, vii, 207, 474, etc.
Hierocles, a Neo-Platonist of the 5th centurj' at Alexandria. He is said to be the author of a Commen- tary upon the Golden Verses of Pythagoras, -which is still extant ; and also a Discourse on Eorebiowledge and Eate, of which Photius has preserved large extracts. Stobre- us has also preserved the fragments of several other works which are ascribed to Hierocles. The Greek text of the Coniimnt(}ry on the Golden Verses of Pythagoras was first published by Curterius (Paris, 1583 ; reprinted at London, 1654; also 1742; and Padua, 1744). The fragments of the Discourse on Eoreknoivledge and Eate, in which Hierocles attempts to reconcile the free-will of man with the foreknowledge of God, have been edited by jMorell (Paris, 1593, 1597), and by Pearson (London, 1655, 1673) ; the latter edition contains the fragments of the other works of Hierocles. A complete edition of his works was published by Needham (Cambridge, 1709). Both Pearson and Needham confound this Hierocles with Hierocles, the prefect of Bithpiia. The Discourse on Eorehioidedge ami Eate was translated into French by Regnaud (Lyons, 1560). Grotius translated part of this work into Latin in his Sententim Philosophorum de Eato (Paris, 1624; Amst. 1648; reprinted in the third volume of his theological Avorks, 1679). The Commen- tary 'm the Golden Veises has been translated into Eng- lish by Hall, London, 1657 : Norris, London, 1682"; Ray- ner, Norw. 1797 ; and into French (with life) by Dacier, Paris, 1706. See English Cychpcedia, s. v. ; Smith, Dic- tionary of Biography and Mythology, ii, 453 ; Angusti, Dogmengeschichte, i and ii ; Lardner, Woi-ks, viii, 127,
Hieroglyphics (from 'itpoc, sacred, and yX{i<po), to carve), the term usually applied to the inscriptions in the so-called sacred or symbolical characters on the Eg3Titian monuments. See Egypt. " They were either engraved in relief, or sunk below the surface on the pub- lic monuments and hard materials suited for the glyptic art, or else traced in outline with a reed pen on iiap_\Ti, wood, slices of stone, and other objects. The scribe, in- deed, wrote from a palette or canon called /ks, with pens, kash, from two little ink-holes in the palette, containing a black ink of animal charcoal, and a red mineral ink. The hieroglyphics on the monuments are sometimes scidptured and plain ; at others, decorated with colors, either one simple tone for aU the hieroglyphs, which are then called monochrome, or else ornamented with a va- riety of colors, and then called polychrome; and those painted on coffins and other objects are often first traced out, and then colored in detail. On the pap\Ti and some few inferior materials they are simply sketched in outline, and are called linear hierogh^ihs. The hiero- glyphs are arranged in perpendicular columns, separa- ted by lines, or in horizontal, or distributed in a sporadic manner in the area of the picture to which they refer. Sometimes all these modes of arrangement are found to- gether. One peculiarity is at once discernible, that all the animals and representations face m the same direc- tion when they are combined into a text; and when mLxed up with reliefs and scenes, they usually face in the direction of the figures to which they are attached. When thus arranged, the reUefs and hierogh-phs resem- ble a MS., everk' letter of which shoiUd also be an illu- mination, and they produce a g,iy and agreeable im- pression on the spectator. They are %\Titten verj- square,