Hirmologion (fin/foXi'iyio)'), a collection of hi/iiioi; also the exaltation of the Panaghia (q. v.) in the Greek
5^^
HIRMOS
274
HIRSCHEB
Church (Neale, Mst. of the Eastern Church, p. 890). See
HiRMOS.
Hirmos, or rather Irjios (elpfiog, a series) is the name of a strophe in a Greek hjTnn. " The model of succeeding stanzas, so called as drawing others after it." — Walcott, Sac. A rchceology (8vo, London, 1868).
Hirnheini or Hirnhaym, Hieroxi.-mus, a distin- guished Koman Catholic theologian, was born at Trop- pau, province of Silesia, in 1635. He took orders in 1659, and piu-sued his theological studies at Prague un- til appointed instructor in philosophy at the Norbertin College. A short time after he was made abbe of Momit Sion, and later general vicar of Bohemia, Mora- via, SUesia, and Austria. Hirnheim is generally ranked among modern skeptics, and most of his works have been placed in the Roman Index. He was a great hater of the Protestant Church, and employed, in common with a number of other theologians of his Church, to combat Protestantism, skeptical weapons, as he saw no prospect of vanquishing them in the dogmatic field. He died August 27, 1769. His most important work is De tyjiho generis humani, sive scientiaruni humanarum inani ac ventoso tumore, difficultate, labilitate, fulsitate, jactantia, prKsumptione, incommodis et periculis, tracta- tus brevis, etc. (Prague, 1676, 4to), put into the Iridex April
14, 1682 Jochers, Ge^e^?-^ Lex. Addenda ii, 2018; Krug,
Philosophisches Handworterh, ii, 438 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gmer. xxiv, 791. (J. H. W.)
Hirom. See Hiram.
Hirsch, Andreas, a Lutheran minister of the latter half of the last century. He studied theology at Stras- burg, and filled several positions as preacher, but gave dissatisfaction to the people, and was driven from each of them in succession. Notwithstanding aU persecu- tion, he found sufficient time to write several works, among which are, Kirchei'us Jesnita GermanicB redona- tus, etc. (Halle, 1662, 8vo) : — Religionsgesprdch zwischen zweierlei Religionsverwandten (Rottenburg, 1672, 4to) : — Predigten uiul Gelegenheitsschriften (ibid 1673, 8vo). — Jocher, Gelehrt. Lex. Addenda ii, 2018.
Hirsch, Carl Christian, a German theologian, was born at Hersbruck October 20, 1704. He studied at Altorf, Leipzig, and other universities, and went to the theological seminary at Nuremburg in 1729. He en- tered the ministry in 1734, and in 1740 was appointed deacon of Lorenz Church at Nuremburg. He died Feb. 27, 1754. His works are : Hadriani Pontii Historite Li- hri 1-m-iores : — Venerab. A gnetis Blannleclcin Vita et Rev- elationes (Frankf. and Leip. 1735) : — Catechisinus Ilisto- rice (Nllmb. 1752, 8vo) -.—Lebensbeschreib. alter Geistlichen Niirnbergs (continued by WufFel and Waldau, published in 1756-1785, 4to) : to this work he devoted his time mainly. He also wrote a number of monographs insert- ed in the Acta Mistor. eccles. and in the Acta Scholast. of Nuremburg. — Jocher, Gelehrt. Lex. Append, ii, 2021 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biocj. Gmer. xxiv, 793 ; Doring, Gelehrt. Theol. Deutschl. i, 738.
Hirsch-Chotsch, Zebi, bex-Jerachmiel, a Polish Rabbi, and one of the most eloquent preachers of the 17th century, was born at Cracow, but spent his later days in Gerraanj-. He gained renown as an author by ■^laS nbro, or Ileredltas decoris ex Jer. iii, 19 (Frankf. 1721, fol.); an allegorical commentary on the Penta- teuch, written in German, with Hebrew characters, and in the main drawn from " Zohar." one of the works of the Cabalists :— N^SI'l nfia-^r, Sabbathum festi (Flirth, 1603, 4to) :— "^S^ r^^Jl, or Desiderium decoris, a com- mentary on " ftlcune Zohar" (Amsterd. 1706, fol.), etc.— Ftirst, Bib. Judaica, i, 177 ; Hoefer, Xouv. Bioq. Gener. xxiv. 792 ; Jocher, Gelehrt. Lex. ii, 1626. (J. H. W.)
Hirschau or Hirsau, a verj' celebrated old Ger- man monaster^', of the Benedictine order, in the dio- cese of Speier, having much in common with the con- gregation of Clugny (q. v.) . It is asserted by the Roman
Catholics to have been opened A.D. 645; but it was prol> ably founded about 830 by count Erlafried von Calw and bishop Netting of Yercelli. The monks and the differ- ent abbots who inhabited it were distinguished for their scholarship. Some were authors, others rose to high dis- tinction in the Church. Among these, the abbot WOhelm der SeUge (q. v.) did perhaps more than any other to es- tablish the noble reputation of this monastery. After the Reformation it became a Protestant seminary mitQ 1692, when the French, on their invasion of the coiuitry, de- stroyed it. A history of this monastery was ^\Titten by Johaim Trittenhemius, one of its abbots, imder the title Chronicon Hirsaugiense (BasU, 1559, fol., and 1690, 2 vols, fol.). — Herzog, Real-EncyUop. vi, 143 ; Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-Lex. v, 213 ; Real-Encgklopadie Jur d. Kathol. Deutschl. V, 375. See Benedictines. (J. H. W.).
Hirscher, Johanx Bai-tist von, a celebrated Ger- man Roman Catholic theologian, was born at Alt-Ergar- ten, Wtirtemberg, Jan. 20, 1788. He was educated at the Lyceum of Constance and at the University of Frei- burg, and was made a priest in 1810. He held the po- sition of instructor in philosophy and theology in cUffer- ent institutions untU 1817, when he was called as pro- fessor of ethical and pastoral theology to the University of Ti'ibingen. In 1837 he was called to the University of Freibiu-g, and in 1839 he became a member of the cathedral chapter of the archdiocese of Freibiu-g. He was also appointed an " ecclesiastical counsellor," and, somewhat later, a privj' counsellor {Geheim -Ruth'). In 1849 he was delegate of the University of Freiburg in the First Chamber of the grand-duchy of Baden, into which he was subsequently several times called by the confidence of the grand-duke. In 1850 he became dean of the cathedral chapter. In 1863 he resigned his posi- tion at the iiniversitj' on account of ill health. He died Sept. 4, 1865. Hirscher was one of the representa- tive men of Roman Catholic theologj' in the 19th cen- tury. At the beginning of his Uterary career he was a zealous advocate of liberal reforms within his Church ; subsequently he gradually became, with IMohler (q. v.), Drey (q. v.), and other professors of Tiibingen, a more outspoken champion of the tenets of his Church in op- position to Protestantism, and joined his colleagues as founder and co-editor of the Theologische Quartalschrift (established 1819), one of the ablest theological organs of the Church of Rome. But, though a prolific and prominent wTiter in behalf of his Church, he continued, even in later life, to favor the introduction of some re- forms, as the admission of the laity to diocesan synods, and laid, in general, greater stress on those points which the Roman Catholic Church has in common with ortho- dox Protestantism than on those which separate the two churches. He remained an opponent of LUtramontane theories, and was therefore, up to his death, the object of many attacks on the part of Ultramontane writers. Several of his earlier works, in particular the one enti- tled De Missa (Tubmgen, 1821 ; German transl. Baden, 1838), in which he advocated the use of the Latin lan- guage at divine service, were put in the Roman Index. The chief aim of most of his works is to represent the doctrines of his Church, especially those most offensive to Protestants and liberal Roman Catholics, in as favor- able a hght as possible. The most important among his works are Ansichten ron deni Jubildum (TUb. 1826), the second edition of which ajipeared under the title Die Lehre vom kathol. Ablcu^s (6th edit. Ttib. 1855) -.—Gesch. Jesu Christi (Tilb. 1840 ; 2d edit. 1845) ■.—Katechetik (4th edit. Tlib. 1840) : — Betrachtungen iiber sdmmdiche Evan- gelien der Fasten (Tiib. 1848) : — Die kirchl. Zustande d. Gegemcart (Tllb. 1848) -.—Die christi. Moral (Tub. 1835, 3 vols. ; 5th ed. 1850-1851) : — Beitrdge zur Homiletik u. Katechetik (Tiib. 1852) : — Betrachtung iiber die sonntdg- lichen Erangelien des Kirchenjahres (5th edit. Tiib. 1853, 2 vols.) : — ErOrterungen iiber die grossen religiosen Fra- gen der Gegemcart (3 numbers ; 3d ed. Freib. 1846-1857) : —I/auptstUcke des christkath. Glauhens (Tlib. 1857) :— Katechismus (Freib. 1842, and many edit, since) -.—Be*