HIRT
275
HISTORY
<i (ibid. 1757, 8vo) : Sdlomos (ibid. 1768, 1770,8vo):— CrtCTi- 7 -.'-1776, 8 vols. 8vo :
trnclitungen iiber sammtliche tonntdgl.Epistehi (Freiburg, 1880-18G2, 2 vols.) :—I)as Lehen Marice (oth edit. Freib. 1865). He took a special interest in the education of poor and abandoned cliildren, himself establishing three houses of refuge. He wrote on this subject the work Die iSorge filr die sittlich varwahrlostm Kinder (Freib. 1856). A volume of minor posthumous works (Noch- fjelassene kkinere Schriften, Freib. 1868) has been pub- lished by Kollfuss. This work contains also a biogra- plij^ of Hirscher. — Hagenbach, Hist, of Doctrines, transl. by Smith, ii, 457 ; Hase, Church llisionj, transl. by Blu- menthal and Wing, p. 654 ; A llgem. Real-EncyUop. vii, 628. (A. J. S.)
Hirt, JoHANN Friedricii, a distinguished German theologian, was born at Apolda, in Thuringia, August 14, 1719. He studied at the University of Jena, and in 1758 was made extraordinary professor of philosophy. In 1769 he changed to the chair of theology, and in 1775 ■was appointed regular professor of theology at the Uni- versity of Wittenberg. He died July 29, 1784. Hirt was regarded as one of the first theologians at the \^'itten- berg University, and inferior to no other person as a scholar of the Oriental languages. He is especially luiown in this department by the development which he gave to the systems of Alting and Danz on the He- brew language {Systcma trinm morarum) ; but the ad- vance of late years in the field of exegetical theology decreases the value of all his efforts in this direction. His most important works are. besides a host of disser- tations in the field of exegesis, Biblia Hebrcea analytica (Jena, 1753, 4to) : — Philologisch-exegetische Ahhnndlunf) iib. Psalm XV, 14, 45 (ibid. 175H. 4to) ■.—Dinnitas Chrisii, ex ejus resurrectione denioii.t/ni/n (ibid. 1757, 4to) :—Bib- liorum analyticorum 2>iir.^ ( 'Imhld — Volktand. ErMdruwj d. Siir\h-h( 4to) : — Imtit. Arabica' lii/f/in'' (ilii( talische und exeget. Biblinth. (il)iil. 1 continued, under the title Wittenh. Oriented, vnd exeget. £iMo?^., Jena, 1776-1779,4 vols. 8vo).—Joclier,6VM?'-to« Lex. Addend, ii, 2022 ; Doring, Gelehrt. Theol. DeutscM. i, 740 sq. ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biograjih. Generate, xxiv, 795, (J. H. W.)
Hirz, Naphthali, ben-Jacob-Elchanan, one of the most celebrated Jewish Cabalists, was bom at Frank- fort-on-the-Main in the latter half of the 16th centurj'. The only work of Hirz which was printed, T|?^tl p^?, or Vcdley of the King (Amst. 1848, fol.), is a complete expose of the Cabala. The vast research which he made for the preparation of this work makes it indis- pensable for inquirers into the Cabalistic system. He died, Furst says, in Palestine, but the date is not cer- tainly kno\TO. — Fiirst, Biblinth. Judaica, i, 401 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxiv, 800. (J. H. W.)
Hirzel, Bernhard, a Swiss theologian and Orien- talist, was born at Zurich in 1807. He was for many years pastor of a small parish at PfafFdion. Most of his life he devoted to the study of the Oriental and San- scrit languages. In the ecclesiastical revolt of Sept. 6, 1839, he led the peasants to the city of Zurich, on which incident he wTote a book entitled Mein Antheil a. d. Be- wegung d. Qten Sept. (Ziir. 1839). He died in Paris June, 1847. Among his works, his translation of the dramas of Kalisada, Sakuntala (Ziirieh, 1838), and of Solomon's Song: Bas Lied d. Lieder (ibid. 1840). and the HebreAv poem Gesicht d. Todesboten ii. d. Krdkreis (ibid. 1844), are best known. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gener. xxiv, 801 ; Brockhaus, Com: Lex, vii, 946.
Hirzel, Johann Heinrich, a German theologian, was born at Ziirieh (Switzerland) Dec. 18, 1710. In 1737 he was appointed professor of oratorj' and Church history' at the university of his place ; in 1745, of logic and rhetoric ; and in 1759 was called to the chair of theology. He died Nov. 20, 1764. Of his writings, most remained in IMS. He published Di.^p. de rerbo Dei vnico reformatcB Relig.fundamcnto (Ziir. 1760, 4to) ■—Disp. de
vi et amplitudine nominis Div. Jehovah Zelaoth (ibid 1762, 4to). — Jocher, Gelehrten Lexikon, Add. ii, 2(1-^5 (J.H.W.)
Hiss (p'^1^, sharak', to whistle), a term usually ex- pressing insult and contempt (Job xxvii, 23); so in tlie denunciation of the destruction of the Temple (1 Kings ix, 8 ; comp. Jer. xix,8 ; xlix, 17, etc.). To call any one with hissing is a mark of power and authority (Isa. y, 26), and the prophet Zechariah (x, 8), speaking of the return from Babylon, says that the Lord will gather the house of Judah, as it were with a hiss, and bring them back into their own country : an image familiar to his readers, as Theodoret and Cyril of Alexandria remark that, in Syria and Palestine, those who looked after bees drew them out of their hives, carried them into the fields, and brought them back again, with the sound of a flute and the noise of hissing (Isa. vii, 18). See Bke.
Histopedes (itrroc, a mast of a ship, and vovr, a foot), a term applied to certain heretics, chiefly Eui.o- mians, who baptized only the upper parts of thebody as far as the breast, and this with the heels upward and the head downward {roi'c TtuSac dvoj, Kai rrjv K£0«X;)i/ Kario). Hence the name Ilistojjedes, or Pederecti. See Epiphanius, Ilceres. c. 79 ; Bingham, Orig. Eccles. bk. xl, chap, xi, § 4.