5. There are few Hivite names recorded in Scrip- ture. Hamor, " the he-ass," was probably an honorable
HIZKIAH
283
PIOAG
name, Shecliem, " shoulder," " back," may also be in- dicative of strength. Such names are suitable to a [ primitive people, but they are not sufticieutly numerous or cliaracteristic for us to be able to dra;v any sure in- j ference. It is, indeed, possible that they may be con- j
L'ted, as the similar Hittito names seem to be, witii low nature-worship. See Hittitk. The names of the Hivite towns do not help us. Gibeon merely indicates ' lofty position ; Kirjath-jearim, " the city of the woods," is interesting from the use of the word Kirjah, which we take to be probably a Canaanitish form : the other names present no special indications.
G. In the worship of Baal-berith, or " Baal of the cov- enant," at Shechem, in the time of the Judges, we more probably see a trace of the head-city of a Hivite con- federacy than of an alliance between the Israelites and the Hivites. (See Hamelsveld, iii, 62 sq. ; Jour, of Sac. Lit. Oct, 1851, p. 1G6.)— Kitto, s. v.; Smith, s. v.
Hizki'ah (Heb. ChizUyah\ n^pTfl : Sept. 'E^tfci- ac ; Vulg. Czechia), an ancestor of Zcphaniah the proph- et (Zoph. i, 1). See Hkzekiaii,
Hizki'jah-{Heb. C/(J3%(7/i', n^pTH; Sept. "E^t- Kin ; Vulg. Ezechiti), according to the punctuation of the A. v., a man who sealed the covenant of reformation with Ezra and Nehemiah (Neh.x, 17). But there is no doubt that the name should be taken with that preced- ing it, as " Ater-Hizkijah," a name given in the lists of those who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. It appears also extremely likely that the two names fol- lowing these in x, 17, 18 (Azzur, Hodijah) are only cor- rupt repetitions of them. — Smith, s. v. See Hezekiau.
Hizr, foimder of the Hizrevites, a monastic order of the jNIohammedans, lived at the time of Orchan II. He founded poor-houses at Cairo and Babylon, and many visits are made by the JMohammedans to his grave at Brusa.— Pierer, Unic.-Lexikon, viii, 416. (J. H. W.)
Hjort.ViCTon Christian, a celebrated hymnologist of the Protestant Church, bom at Gunderslevholm, in Denmark, in 1735, was bishop of Eibe. His collection of sacred songs were almost entirely inserted in the pub- lic hj-mn-book of the Danish Church. He published also collections of songs for the Sunday-schools of work- men, soldiers, etc. He died in 1818, on the island of Amagar, near Copenhagen. — Pierer, Univ.-Lex. viii, 417. (J.li.W.)
Hoadley (or Hoadly), Benjamin, an English prelate, theologian, and politician, was born at Wester- ham, in Kent, in 1676. He studied at Catharine Hall, Cambridge, and passed A.jM. in 1699. In 1700 he was appointed lecturer at St. Mildred's, London, and in 1702 rector of St. Peter-le-Poor. " His ability as a contro\er- sialist. and his love of civil and religious liberty, became conspicuous in the strife of parties at the beginning of the century, when he entered the field against bishop Atterbury and the High-Church party. His share in this debate, and his intimate connectifMi with the settle- ment of the new dynasty and the liberties of the coun- try, wore recognised by the House of Commons, who ad- dressed the queen in his favor, and thus paved the way for his rapid promotion." In 1710 he was made rector of Streatham, and on the accession of George 1, 171-1, he became chaplain to the king. In 1715 he was made bishop of Bangor. In 1717 he preached the sermon be- fore the king, on the text, J/y Mngdum is not of this world, which gave rise to the famous Bangorian con- troversy (q. v.), in which Hoadley was assailed by the chiefs of the nonjurors, and with most effect by Wil- liam Law, the champion of authority both in Church ^^ and State. This controversy was brought to a close ' about 1720, without conciliating either the High-Church part}' on the one hand, or the Dissenters on the other, but with great credit to Hoadley's ability and tolerant spirit. In 1721 he was translated to Hereford, and thence in 172.3 to Salisbury. In 1734 he ^vas made bish- op of Winchester. He died in 1761. In the political
history of the Church of England, Hoadley is to '• be re- garded as the great advocate of what are called Low- Church principles, a species of Whiggism in ecclesias- tics in opposition to the high ])retensions sometimes ad- vanced by the Church or particidar churchmen. It was in this character that he wrote his treatise on the 'jMeas- ure of Obedience to the Civil jNIagistrate,' which was an- imadverted upon by Atterbury, and defended by Hoad- ley, whose conduct on tliis occasion so pleased the House of Commons (as stated above) that they represented in an address to queen Anne what signal service he had done to the cause of civil and religious libert}'." He maintamed the same princii)les in the Bangorian con- troversy. The war of pamphlets on the subject was wonderful; the number issued on all sides was nearly fifty. His doctrines excited so violent discussion in the lower House of Convocation that the govemmrnt, in order to prevent further dissensions, suddenly pro- rogued the Houses of Convocation, and they have never since been permitted to meet for the dispatch of busi- ness. The biu'den of Hoadley's offence, in the eyes of High-churchmen, lies in his doctrine, as stated in the sermon above mentioned : that the " Church is Christ's kingdom; that he alone is lawgiver; and that he has left behind him no visible human authority: no vicege- rents who can properly be said to supply his place; no interpreters upon whom his subjects are absolutely to depend; no judges over the consciences and religion of his people." Against the Dissenters, and especially in answer to Calamy's abridgment of the Life and Times of Baxter, he wrote his Reasonableness of Conformity to the Church of England (1703, 8vo), and his Defence of Episcopal Ordination (1707, 8vo). Besides the Avritings named, he vvrote a number of theological treatises, in which he shows great freedom of thought. His theol- ogy is Latitudinarian (q. v.). These writings include Letters on Miracles, to Dr. Fleetwood (1702, 4to) : — A Preservation tif/ainst the Principles of the Xonjurois (1716, 8vo) :—Sermo7)s (1718 et al.) -.—Plain Account of the Nature and End of the Lord'^ Supper (1735, 8vo). All these, with his Life of Dr. Sam. Clarlr, his contro- versial pamphlets, sermons, etc., may be found in the IVorls of Bishop Hoadley, edited by his son, John Hoad- ley, LL.b. (London, 1773, 3 vols, fol., of which the first volume contains a life of bishop Hoadley). See English Cyclopcedia ; Biographia Britannica ; Hook, Eccles. Bi- ography, vol. vi ; Bogue and Bennett, History ofI)issent= e'rs, ii,'l54; Buchanan, Jws/;/. p. 200-201; kkcats. JJist. of the Free Churches of England, p. 227 sq. ; Gass, Gesch. der Dogmatik, iii, 327; Wesley, Works, ii, 445; vi, 510; Wnge.\\\)!xc\\, History of Doctrines (Smith's), ii, 417, 516; IMosheim, Church Hist, iii; Alliboue, Dictionary of Au- thors, i, 852.