ed in 1859, 41,564. The churches are self-supporting, and independent of each otlier. The Moravians have two chiuches and four ministers. The Jews in 1859 numbered 03,890 souls.
Among the religious societies of Holland the follow- ing are the most important: (1.) The Netherlands Bible Society, which had in 1867 a circidation of 32,251 copies, and an income of $30,000. (2.) The Sunday-school Union had in 1867 established 271 Sunday-schools in ninety-five different places ; they had together 1301 teachers and 24,400 children. It publishes a weeldy paper, The Christian Family Circle. (3.) The Society for Christian National-school Instruction (established in 1860), whose design is the establishment throughout the country of schools in which a sound Christian edu- cation shall be given, as opposed to that given in the national schools. Eighty schools had in 1807 been es- tablished in different parts of the country on this prin- ciple. The income of the society was about $9000. (4.) The Netherlands Evarigelical Protestant Union, estab- lished in 1853, endeavors to " counteract the terrible power of Rome, and unbelief prevailing throughout the country, by means of colporteurs and evangelists." The income of the society is about $1500. (5.) The mission- ary societies of Holland labor exclusively in the Dutch colonies, and in the neighbjring islands of the Indian Archipelago, - Great open-air missionary gatherings are now held every year in Holland.
Until the Reformation, the whole of modern Hol- land belonged to the diocese of Utrecht (q. v.). In 1559 this see was made an archbishopric, and five suf- fragan sees were erected — Haarlem, Middleburg, Deven- ter, Leeu warden, and Groningen. The success of the Re- formed Church, after the establishment of the independ- ence of Holland, put an end to all the dioceses. In 1583 an apostohcal vicariate was established for those who continued to adhere to the Church of Rome. It was at first administered by the apostolical nuncio in Brussels, At the beginning of the 17th centin-y the Dutch mis- sion again received a resident vicar apostolic at Utrecht (who was to supjjly the place of the former archbish- ops), and five pro vicars at the former episcopal sees. In 1723 the Jansenist (q. v.) canons of Utrecht elected an archbishop ; in 1742 a Jansenist bishop Avas elected for Haarlem, and in 1755 another for Deventer. AU these sees are stiU extant, but the number of parishes and the membership have decreased. These liave at present (1870) a population of about 4000 souls in t-.vciity-five parishes. After the establishment of the United King- dom of the Netherlands, the Roman Catholic Church in the seven old provinces was divided into seven arcli- presbyterates, who were placed imder the papal nuncio at the Hague as " vice superior of the Dutch mission," while the apostolic vicariates of Herzogenbusch, Breda, and Limburg (1840) were erected into districts which had formerly belonged to other states. On jMarch 7, 1853, Pius IX re-established the regular hierarchy by erecting the archbishopric of Utrecht, and the four bish- oprics of Haarlem, Breda, Herzogenbusch, and Roere- monde. The Catholic population in 1862 numbered 1,229,000 souls, with 39 convents of monks (containing 815 members) and 137 female monasteries (containing 2188 members). Among the monks are Jesuits, Re- deniptorists, Dominicans, Franciscans, Carmelites, and NorlJertines. Several congregations of Sisters of Char- ity have arisen in Holland.
A complete ( 'hun h History of Holland has been pub- lished by (ilasius. d.^i-hi' (l< idss der chrisielijke kei-k en r/odsdienst in dc Ni d,rhni<h n (Leyden, 1833 sq., 6 vols.). The introduction of Christianity into the Netherlands is specially treated of by Diest Lorgion (Gesch. ran de invoerinc) des christend. in Nederlanden (Leuw. 1841), and by Prof. Royaards (Gesch. der inroering en vestining van et christend.'in Nederl. Utr. 1841 ; 3d ed. 1844). The latter began a Church History of Holland during the Middle Ages (Gesch. van et gerestigdt Christendom en de Christ, kerk in Nederlande gedurende de middekeiiwen,
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Utr. 1849-53, 2 vols.), but the death of this eminent his- torian (1854) prevented tlie completion of the work. A biographical Church History, from a Koman Catholic stand-point, was begun by Albcrdingk Thijm (Gcsc/i. der htrk in de NederL; vol. i, U. Willibrodus, Ajwsfel der Kederlandtn, Amsterd. 18G1 ; Germ, transl. Munster, 18(53). A work of great ability is the Church History of Holland before the Keformation, by Moll {Kcrker/c- schiedeniss van, Nederland voor da hei-formin;/, Arnheim, 1864 sq., 3 vols.). See BKLGiuJr, (A. J. S.)
Holland, Guido, an English Jesuit, was born in Lincoln about 1587. He was educated at the Univer- sity of Cambridge, devoting his time mainly to meta- physics. After graduation he went to Spain, and here pursued a course in theology. In 1G15 he entered the order of the Jesuits, and was sent to England as a Ko- man Catholic missionary. He died Nov. 2G, 1G60. He wrote a work of some importance on the immortality of the sold, under the title Pneroffativa natune humana.^ Jocher, Gelehrt. Lex. ii, 1G74.
Holland, John M., a Methodist Episcopal minis- ter, born in Williamson County, Tenn., about 1803 or 1804, was converted in early life, and entered the min- istry in 1822. After holding several important charges, he was appointed presiding elder of the Cumberland District in 1829. Two years later he was sent to Nash- ville, and in 1832 was reappointed presiding elder over the Forked Deer District, transferred in 1833 to the iNIem- phis, and in 183G to the Florence District. In 1837 he was selected as the agent of La Grange College, but in 1838 he returned to the active work of the minis- try as presiding elder of Holly Springs District, in J\Iis- sissippi. In 1839 he was once more chosen agent for a college— tliis time for Holly Springs University; but in 1840 he again returned to tlie presiding eldership, that of the Memphis District. On this district he died in 1841. Holland was one of the most able and useful servants of the jMethodist Episcopal Church in his day, and is generally acknowledged to rank foremost among the preachers of Tennessee. — Sprague, A nnals of the A mtrican Pidpit, vii, G62.