Holste or Holstenius, Lucas, bom at Hamburg in 159G, was educated at the University of Leyden, and ranks as one of the first scholars of his time. Failing to secure a professorship, he travelled through Italy, England, and other countries, and settled at Paris, where he became acquainted with the distinguished Jesuits Dupuy, Poirejc, and other learned men of that order, and he finally became a Roman Catholic, in consequence, he said, of his careful study of the works of the fathers, and of his seeking for the principle of unity in the Church ; but others think that his conversion was whollj- due to his association with the Jesuits, and to his desire to have freer access to the libraries of France and Italy ; and some even, among whom is Salmasius (see Moller, Cimhr. Lit. iii, 323), ascribe it to his severe poverty and great ambition. Soon after his conversion his friends introduced him to the pope's nuncio, cardinal Barberini, nephew of Urban VI H, whom he accompa- nied to Rome in 1527. He lived with the cardinal, and became his librarian. Later, he was promoted canon of St. Peter's, and finally he became librarian of the Vatican and consultore of the Congregation of the Index. He was sent on several missions to Germany ; among oth- ers, to Innspruck, to receive the abjuration of queen Christina of Sweden. He was also instrumental in ef- fecting the conversion of other distinguished Protestants to Catholicism. Holstenius, even in his eminent posi- tions in the Church of Rome, retained some of the lib- eral principles imbibed as a Protestant, and they often severely provolced his Romish friends. Thus he advo- cated earnestly, but in vain, the union of the Greek and Roman churches in 1G39, advising liberal action on the part of liis own Church. In the Congregation of the Index also, ho ^vould never favor any stringency against valuable Avorks of Protestants, and he was even obliged to retire from the council for this reason. In the ilis- imte between the Jansenists and jMolinists, he counselled pope Alexander VII against any decision likely to be in favor of the Jesuits, notwithstanding his relation to them. He died at Rome Feb. 2, 1661, leaving his pa- tron, cardinal Barberini, his universal legatee. Holste- nius, with much application and a great thirst for knowl- edge, lacked perseverance. He was apt to desert one branch of study suddenly for another; thus he had collected with great care and much application a vast quantity of scarce books and MSS., but had not pro- gressed sufficiently far in his own works to make them
of much value in their unfinished state. Among his published works are the following: Porphyrii liber de Vita Pijthaf/orce, etc. (Rom. 1G30, 8vo ; Cambr. 1655, 8vo), with a Latin version and notes, and a dissertation on the life and writings of Porphyrins, considered a^ model of learned biography : — Demophili, Democratis, et Se- cundi Veterum Pkilosopkoritm Sententice Morales (Rome, 1638, 8vo; Leyden, 1639, 12mo) : — Not(e in Sallusthin{ Philosophum de Diis et Mundo (Rome, 1G38, 8vo) : — Ob- serrationes ad Apollonii Rhcdii Argonautica (Leyden, 1641, 8vo) : — A rrianus de I'i???rt^/o??e, with a Latm version (Par. 1644, 8 vo) : — Adnotationes in Geographiam Sacram Caroli a S. Paulo, Italiam Antiquam Clnrerii, et The- saunim Geor/raphicwn Ortelii (Rome, lG6G,8vo): — A'otm et Castif/ationes Posthumm in Stephani Byzanfmi de Urb- ibiis, edited by Ryckius : — Liber Diumus Pontijicum Ro- manorum, a collection of papal acts and decrees. He also wrote a collection of the rules of the earlier monas- tic orders, published after his death (Rome, 1661 ; later at Paris; and, lastly, much enlarged, Augsburg, 1759, 6 vols, fol.), Avhich is considered as among the most valua- ble of his writings; he also edited in his lifetime the Antiquities of Prceneste, hy Suares. INIany of his Latin letters have also been published in the Collectio Romana veterum aliquot histor. eccles. nionumentoi-mn, etc. See WUkens, Leben d. gelehrten Lucm Holstenii (Hamb.1723, 8vo) ; English Cyclop. ; Ilerzog, Real-Lex. vi, 241 sq. ; Mosheim, Eccles. Histor. vol. iii (see Index) ; Gieseler, Church Hist, iii, 185, note; Schrockh, Kirchengeschichte s. d. Reform, vii, 76 ; Hoefer, Nouo. Biog. Gener. xxv, 4 sq. ; Dnpin, Biblioth. Eccles. (17th century), (J. H. W.)
Holstein. See Sciileswig-Holstein.
Holy. See Holiness.
HOLY OF Holies. See Tabernacle ; Temple,
HOLY, HOLY, HOLY. See Trisagion.
Holy Alliance, a compact formed between the sovereigns of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, in 1815, lor the humane and liberal administration of their govern- ments. See Herzog, Real-Encyklopddie, v, 669 ; Wing's Hase, Ch. Hist, (see Index) ; Hurst's Hagenbach, Hist. Christ. Church in 18th ami IMi Cent, ii, 342 sq. ; and the references in Poole's Index, s. v. See Alliance, Holy.
Holy Ark. See Auk, 3.
Holy Ashes are called, in the Roman Catholic Chiu-ch, the Church of England, and the Protestant Episcopal Church, the ashes used at the old ceremonial in Lent.— Eadie, Eccles. Cyclop, p. 312. See Lent.
Holy Bible. See Bible.
Holy-Bread Skep or Maund is called, in the Roman and Anglican Churches, the basket used for tlie eidogia ((j. v.). — A^'alcott, Sac. A i-cliaol. p. 312.
Holy Candle, Blessing with the. Bishops Lat- imer and Tyndale say that in their day " dying persons committed their souls to the holy candle, and that the sign of the Cross was made over the dead ^vith it, 'there- by to be discharged of the burden of sin, or to drive away devils, or to put away dreams and phantasies.' " — Walcott, Sac. A rchceol. p. 313. Compare the use of ta- pers (holy candles) at Candlemas. See Candle.