Horologion (wpoXoyior, literally a dial) is the ti- tle of one of the " oflice-books" of the orthodox Ea.stcni Church. It contains the daily hours of prayer, so far as respects their immovable portions, and answers in a measure to the Oficiutn Ilebdomadm which is found at the opening of each volume of the breviary of the East- ern Church. But it generally contains also other for- mularies of that Church. See Neale, Infrod. to the Hist, of the Eastern Church, ii, 848. See IIoi:RS. Horon. See Betii-iiorox; Horoxaim. Horona'im (Heb. Chorona'yim, C^r'^n, two cav- erns; Sept. 'Apon'uiii and 'Qpiovcnp), a Tdoabitish city near Zoar, Luhith,Nimrim, etc., on a declivity along the route of the invading Assyrians (Isa. xv, 5; Jcr. xlviii, 3, 5, 34) ; probably the same called Hoi.on ('|V~! perh. bv an error for '.inn, Iloron, which would appear to be
HORONITE
344
HORSE
the original form of the word Hoionaim ; from in, a hole) in Jer. xlviii, 22 (Sept. Xf Xwi/, Vulg. Helon). The associated names only afford a conjectural locality east of the north end of the Dead Sea, probably on some one of the great roads (Tj'?'i7) leading down from the plateau of Moab to the Jordan valley. It is doubtless the Oro- nm (Qpuivai) of Josephus (Ant. xiii, 15, 4; xiv, 1, 4). Sanballat " the Horonite" (i3'"in, Neh. ii, 10, 19; xiii, 28) v.'as probably a native of this place, and not (as stated by Schwarz, Palestine, p. 147) of Beth-horon, which was entirely different.
Ho'ronite [many IIor'onite~] (Heb. with the art. ha-Chor(mi','^^'\T\T}; Sept. 6 'Ap(j,)vi,OvpaviTi}Q,Yvi\^g. Horonites), the designation of Sanballat (q.v.), who was one of the principal opponents of Nehemiah's works of restoration (Neh. ii, 10, 19; xiii, 28). It is derived by Gesenius {Thes. p. 459) from Horonaim, the Moabitish town, but by Fiirst {/hmclwb.) from Horon, i. e. Beth- horon.— Smith. The latter supposition agrees with the local relations of Sanballat towards the Samaritans, but the former suits better his heathenish affinities, as well as the simple form of the primitive.
Horse, D^a,sM5, (TrToc, of frequent occmrrence; oth- er less usual or proper terms and epithets are : nO^D, susah', a mcn-e, rendered "company of horses," i. e. caval- rj, Cant, i, 9 ; TIJ'^3, jyarash', a horse for riding, " horse- man," of frequent occurrence ; ^S!! or Ss'l, re'keb or rakah,' a beast of burden, also a chariot, charioteer, or chariot-horse, especially a team, variously rendered, and of frequent occurrence; "I'^SS, abbir', "strong," as an epithet of the horse, only in Jeremiah, as viii, 16 ; xlvii, 3; 1, 11 ; TU?"!, re'kesh, a horse of a nobler breed, a courser, rendered " dromedary" in 1 Kings iv, 8 ; " mule," ,Esth. viii, 10, 14; "swift beast," Mic. i, 13; T^a'^, ram- mah', a mare, rendered " dromedary," Esth. viii, 10. The origin of the first two of these terms is not satisfactorily made out; Pott {Etym. Forsch.\,Q>0) connects them re- spectively with Susa and Pares, or Persia, as the coun- tries whence the horse was derived; and it is worthy of remark that sus was also employed in Egypt for a mare, showing that it was a foreign term there, if not also in Palestine. There is a marked distinction be- tween the si'is and the juirash ; the former were horses for driving in the war-chariot, of a heavy build, the lat- ter were for riding, and particularly for cavalry. This distinction is not observed in the A. V. from the circum- stance that pa?-asA also signifies horseman ; the correct sense is essential in the following passages — 1 Kings iv, 26, "forty-thousand chariot-horBea and twelve thousand caya/;v/-horses ;" Ezek. xxvii, 14, '• driving-horses and riding-horses;" Joel ii,4, "as riding-horses, so shall they run ;" and Isa. xxi, 7, " a train of horses in couples."
The most striking featiu-e in the Biblical notices of the horse is the exclusive application of it to warlike operations; in no instance is that useful animal em- ployed for the purposes of ordinary locomotion or agri- culture, if we except Isa. xxviii, 28, where we learn that horses (A.V. "horsemen") were employed in threshing, not, however, in that case put in the gears, but simply driven about wildly over the strewed grain. This re- mark will be found to be borne out by the historical passages hereafter quoted, but it is equally striking in the poetical parts of Scripture. The animated descrip- tion of the horse in Job xxxix, 19-25, applies solel}' to the war-horse ; the mane streaming in the breeze (A.V. "thunder") which "clothes 'his neck;" his lofty bounds "as a grasshopper;" his hoofs "digging in the valley" with excitement ; his terrible snorting— are brought be- fore us, and his ardor for the strife. The following is a close rendering of this fine description of the war-horse:
Canst thou give to the horse prowess?
Cnnst thou clothe his neck [with] a shuddering [mane] ?
Caust thou make him prance like the locnst ?
The grandeur of his euortiug [is] formidable.
They will [eagerly] paw in the valley, ■
And' [each] rejoice iu vigor;
He will go forth to meet [the] weapon: He will laugh at dread, Nor will he' cower, Nor retreat from before [the] sword :
Against him may rattle quiver,
Fliuiiiug lance or dart [iu vain]. With prancing and restlessness he will absorb [the]