(2.) Ornamental. — In the East, at present, homs are used as an ornament for the head, and as a token of em- inent rank (Eosenmliller, Morg. iv, 85). The women among the Druses on Mount Lebanon wear on their heads silver horns of native make, '■ which are the dis- tinguishing badge of wifehood" (Bowring's Report on Syria, p. 8). " These tantours have grown, like other homs, from small begimiings to their present enormous
HORN
341
HORNE
Size by slow degrees, and pride is the soil that nourished them. At first tliey consisted merely of an apparatus designed to finish off the headdress so as to raise the veil a little from the face. Specimens of this primitive kind are still foimd in remote and semi-civilized districts. I have seen them only a few inches long, made of paste- board, and even of common pottery. By degrees tlie
I'loCL^&iou of Oiicut il li iiadL
more fashionable ladies used tin, and lengthened them ; then rivalry made them of silver, and still farther pro- longed and ornamented them ; until finally the princesses of Lebanon and Hermon sported gold horns, decked with jewels, and so long that a servant had to spread the A-eil over them. But the day for these most preposterous appendages to the female head is about over. After the wars between the INIaronites and Druses in 1841 and 1S45, the Maronite clergy thundered their excommunications against tliem, and very few Christians now wear them. Jlany even of the Druse ladies have cast them off, and the probability is that in a few years travelers will seek in vain for a horned lady" (Thomson, Land and Book, i, 101). — Smith; Isatto; Fairbairn; Wemyss. See Head-
DKESS.
Horn, John, or, more properly, John Eon (Cornu or KouN being a translation of the surname, which he assumed according to the usage of the times), was a dis- tinguished bishop of the Ancient Unitas Fratrum, or Church of the Bohemian and jMoravian Brethren. He was born at Yauss, in Bohemia, near the close of the 15th century. In 1518 he was ordained to the priest- hood, and in 1529 consecrated bishop by a synod as- sembled at Brandeis, on the Adler. Three years later (1532) he became senior bishop and president of the Ecclesiastical Coimcil, which position he held until his dcatli. governing the Unitas Fratrum with great wis- dom, aiul furtliering its interests with ardent zeal. Sup- ported by John Augusta (q. v.), he inaugiu-ated a new policy, which brought the Church out of its partial ob- scurity, and made it thereafter an imi^ortant element in the national liistory of Bohemia. His immediate pre- decessor. JMartin Skoila, had strictly abstained from all intercourse with the Reformers, following the principles established by Luke of Prague (q. v.^. Horn, who had twice been a delegate to Luther (1522 and 1524), and who entertained a high regard for him and his work, reopened a correspondence with him, and induced the publication of a new Confession of the Brethren's faith at Wittenberg, with a commendatory preface of his own (1533). This led to a still closer fellowship, Horn send- ing two deputations to Luther in 1536, a third in the following year, and a fourth in 1542. In 1538 Luther l>iil>lisho'd another and the principal Confession of the Church, again with a preface from Horn's pen. This Confession had been drawn up in 1535, and formally pre- sented to the emperor Ferdinand at Vienna (November 14) liy several barons and divines in the name of the Unitas Fratrum. Encouraged bj' his intercourse with Lutlier, Horn also sent an embassj' to the Swiss Reform- ers in 1 540, which resulted in a correspondence with Bucer, Calvin, and others. Thus the Brethren joined hands with the Refonners in carrying on the great work of evangelical tnith, and gave the earliest tokens of those efforts to bring about a union among all Protest- ants which aftenvards resulte<l in the Consensus Sendo- miriensis of the Polish churches. The most important literary production of bislir)p Horn was the authorized
edition of the German Hymn-book of the Brethren, pub- lished in 1540. He died in 1547. Bishoi) JSlaloslav, the illustrious liistorian and grammarian of the Clmrch. wrote his biography, which is, however, no longer ex- tant. (E. de S.) Hornbeck. See Hooknbeck. Home, George, D.D., an English prelate, was born at Otham, near iMaidstone, Nov. 1, 1730. He was educated at University College, Oxford, where he devoted himself espe- cially to the study of Hebrevv^ and of the fathers. He became fellow of Magdalen in 174i), and l)residcnt in 1708. In 1770 he was made vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford, dean of Canterbury in 17«1, and, finally, bishop of Norwich in 1789. He died Jan. 17, 1792. In his early youth he imbibed tlis doctrines of John Hutchinson (q.v.), and defended them in an Apolorjy (1756), which is given in vol. vi of his collected Works. He was considered the best ))reacher of his time, a sincere and exemplary Christian, and a thorough scholar. ]\Iany of his writings were contro- versial tracts, arising out of the Hutchinsonian theorj-, and the quarrels which it provoked. His more impor- tant and diu-able works are, Commentary on the Psalms (Oxford, 1700, 2 vols. 4to, often reprinted) : — Discourses on several Subjects and Occasiom (London, 4th ed. 1803, 4 vols, 8vo). These, with his other writings, arc col- lected in The Works of Bishop Ilorne, with his Life, by William Jones, of Nayland (London, 1795, 0 vols. 8vo). See Hook, Eccles. Biography, vi, 100 ; Darling, Cyclo- pcedia Bibliograph. i, 1541; Allibone, Diet, of Authors, i, 887 ; Home (T. H.), Bibliof/raphiccd Appendix ; Ch. Review, i, 59 ; Bickersteth, Bib. Stud. A ssist. p. 300, 319 ; Hagenbach, Ifist. of Doclr. ii, 419; Hardwick, Hist, of the\form.ation, p.* 252, n. 1 ; 253, n. 3.