HUNGARY
408
HUNNIUS
and the laity. The preliminary congress was held on June 24, 18G9, and consisted of 157 members.
II. Statistics.— According to the last official census of 1857, the religious statistics of the countries belonging to the Hungarian crown were as follows :
Catholics.
Non-United Greek.
Protestant.
Unita-
Other Sects.
Jews.
Latin.
Greek.
Augsburg Confession.
Helvetic
5,1^8,01:1
228,00.'i 448,702
Sii7,TU2 1,844
.551,994 5,535
1,106,588 129,737 623,055
587,288
795,930
885
195,861
15,864
1,553,368
4,425
265,976
4,274
964 31
48,040 4
97
593,105
5,041
14,152
404
Croatia and Slavouia.
Transylvania
MilitaVy Frontier ....
According to an official calculation, the Hungarian coun- tries had, in 1864, 7,120,000 Latin Catholics, 1,498,000 Greek Catholics, 9000 Armenian Cathohcs, 2,030,000 ' Oriental or Non-United Greeks, 3,088,000 Evangehcals, 54,000 Unitarians, 428,000 Israelites, 20,000 belonging to other sects.
The Roman Catholic Church has four archbishops, those of Gran (who is primate of all Hungary), Kalocza, Erlau, and Agram. The archbishopric of Gran, which was founded by St. Stephen, had in 1870 ten suffragan sees, namely, the Latin bishoprics of Veszprim, Neusohl, Waitzen, Neutra, Stahlweissenburg, Fi'inf kirchen, Stein- amanger, Raab, and the United Greek sees of Muncacz and Eperies. The archdiocese of Colocza (and Bacz) has the Latin suifragan sees of Czanad, Gran Wardein, and Transylvania. The suffragans of the archbishop of Erlau are the bishops of Zips, Rosenau, Kaschau, and Szathmar. Agram, which had formerly been a suffra- gan of Gran, and was constituted an archbishopric on Dec. 20, 1852, embraces Croatia and Slavonia, and has as suffragans the Latin bishoprics of Zengg-]\Io{lruss and Diacovar (Bosnia-Syrmium), and the Greek bishop of Creutz.
The Greek Catholic (United Greek) Church has, be- sides the bishops of Muncacz, Eperies, and Creutz, who have already been mentioned, an archbishop (since 1853) at Fogaras, who has as suffragans the bishops of Lugos, Gran Wardein, and Szamos-Ujvar.
The Oriental, or Non-United Greek Church, has for the Servian nationality a patriarch at Carlovicz, and suffragan sees at Alt-Ofen, Arad, Temesvar, Neusatz, Pakratz, and Carlstadt ; for the Roumanian nationality, a metrojjolitan of Transylvania.
The Church of the Augsburg Confession (evangelical Lutherans) has four superintendencies (Cis-Danubian, Trans-Danubian, Montan District, and Theiss District) ; the superintendencies are subdivided into seniorats, the latter into congregations. The Church of the Helvetic Confession has likewise four superintendencies, which are also subdivided into seniorats and congregations. Transylvania has one Lutheran and one Reformed su- perintendent. Each congregation of the two Protes- tant churches chooses its own pastors and a presbytery, which is presided over in the Church of the Augsburg Confession by a local inspector, and in the Church of the Helvetic Confession by a curator, in common with the pastor. The congregations belonging to one seniorat choose a senior and a senioral inspector (Lutheran), or subcurator (Reformed). In the Reformed seniorats, the senior presides in the senioral conventions ; in the Lu- theran Church, the inspector. The superintendents and the superintendential inspectors (Lutheran) or curators (Reformed) are chosen for lifetime by all the congrega- tions. The superintendential conventions, which are held annually, and composed of all the seniors, and of one clerical and one laj' deputy from each seniorat, arc presided over by the superintendent in common v.itli the superintendential inspector or curator. The Protestants of the Helvetic Confession are all Magyars, with the ex- ception of eight German congregations ; to the Church of the Augsburg Confession belong about 200,000 Ger- mans, 200,000 Magyars, and 400,000 Slaves.
The LTnitarians in Transylvania have a superintend- ent (bishop) and Supreme Consistorj' at Clausenbiu-g, 104 parishes, and 120 ministers.
Hungarj' has a national university at Pesth, 48 Cath. olic and 39 Protestant gymnasia. The number of ele- mentary schools amounted (1864) in Hungary to 11,462, in Transylvania to 1793, in Croatia and Slavonia to 490, in the Military Frontier to 907. A large number of communities were in 1869 still without a school. There are also five normal schools at Pesth, Sgezedin, Neuhiiusel, Miskolcz, and Grosskanizsa. — Herzog, Real-EncijMojo. xvi, 636; Mather, Kirchl. Chronik, 1867 and 1869 ; Neher, Kirchl. Georjr. u. Statistik, i, 216 sq. ; Wiggers, Kirchl. Statistik, ii,123. (A.J. S.)
Hunger (n^"n, raah' ; Truvcuo) Asu Thirst are the symbols of affliction. Thus in Deut. viii, 3, " He hum- bled thee, and suffered thee to hunger," where the latter is the instniment of the former. So Deut. xxxii, 24, " They shall be burnt with hunger ;" i. e. they shall be tormented or afflicted. So to fast is often called to af- flict one's soul, as in Lev. xvi, 29-31 ; Isa. Iviii, 5. In Aristophanes (Aves) hunger is proverbially used for great miser j'. See 1 Cor. iv, 11 ; 2 Cor. xi, 27 ; Phil, iv, 12. In our Lord's Sermon on the Mount, to hunger and thirst signifies to long for and relish the Gospel (IMatt, V, 6; Luke vi, 21), but elsewhere to be in want of hear- ing God's word ; that is, to be hindered by persecution from worshipping God in peace (Psa. xxiii ; Eccles. xxiv, 19; John iv, 13, 14; vi, 35; Amos viii, 11; Ezek. vii, 26). — Wemyss. See Famine.
Hunnius, .fflgidius, an eminent German Luther- an theologian, was born at Winendcn, in Wiirtemberg, Dec. 21, 1550, and .studied theology at Tubingen, where he afterwards became first tutor, and deacon in 1574. In 1576 he went to jMarburg as professor and preacher. Here his strict adherence to the doctrine of ubiquity in the Eucharist, and his advocacy of the Formida of Con- cord, sowed the germ of the separation of the Hessian Church. In 1592 he became professor at the Universi- sity of Wittenberg, where he opposed the moderate views of Melancthon. In 1594 he accompanied the duke Frederick William to the Imperial Diet at Re- gensburg, where his iniluence opposed the miion of the different evangelical free cities. In 1595 he sustained a sharp controversy with Samuel Huber (q. v.) on the doctrines of election and predestination, and in 1602, at the Conference of Ratisbon, he was one of the principal opponents of the Jesuits Gretzer and Tanner. He died April 4, 1003. His principal works are. Confession v. d. Person Christi (1577, 1609) ; also in Latin, De persona Christi (1585): — Calvinus Judaizans (1593): — Antipa- rceus (1594 and lbd^):—Josej)hus, a drama (1597). His works in Latin have been collected and published by Garthius (Wittcnb. 1607-9, 5 vols, folio). See Hutter, Lebensheschreilung (1603); Adami, Vital Theoloyonim ; Ersch und Gridier, Encyklopiidie ; Hoefer, Noitv. Biog. Generale,-s.KV,5bi; Herzog, Eeal-E7wyklop.\i, Sid sq.; Kurtz, Ch. Hist, ii, 140 ; Bayle, Jlist. Diet, iii, 534 sq,