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JAAZIAII
721
JABBOK
any other passage. In Numb, xxi, 24, where tne pres- ent Hebrew text has T? (A. V. " strong"), the Sept. has put 'Ias»/p. Burckhardt, in travelUng from Es-Salt to Heshbon, passed the last-named-above ruined town, call- ed .Sir, situated on the side of a hill, and immediately below it was the source of a stream which ran down to the Jordan {Trav. in Syria, p. 3G4). The ruins appear to have been on the left (east) of the road, and below them and the road is the source of the wady Szir (Burckhardt), or Mojeh es-Szir (Seetzen), answering, though certainly in position, yet imperfectly in charac- ter, to the TroTajibc fikyiaTOQ of Eusebius. Seetzen con- jectures that the sea of Jazer may have been at the source of this brook, considerable marshes or pools some- times existing at these spots. (Comp. his earlier sug- gestion of the source of the wady Serka, p. 393.) Szir, or Seir, is shown on the map of Van de Velde as 9 Ro- man miles W. of Amman, and about 12 from Heshbon. There can be little doubt that this is the Jazer of the Bible (Van de Velde, Memoir, p. 323). The prophecies of Scripture are fulfilled. The city and country are alike desolate. The vineyards that once covered the hill-sides are gone ; and the wild Bedawin from the east- ern desert make cultivation of any kind impossible (Por- ter, Iland-hookfor Syria and Palestine, p. 298 sq.).
Jaazi'ah (Heb. only in tlie paragogic form Yuiizi- ya'hu, •in'^T^]^, comforted bj' Jehovah ; Sept, 'O^i'a), ap- parently a third son, or a descendant of Merari the Le- vite, and the founder of an independent house in that family (I Chron.xxiv, 26, 27) (B.C. ante 1014) ; but nei- ther lie nor his descendants are mentioned elsewhere (compare the lists in xxii.i, 21-23; Exod. vi, 19). The word Beno (133), which follows Jaaziah, should proba- bly be translated " his son," i. e. the son of IMerari. But tlie text is in such a state that it is hard to know in what light to regard the person to whom it is assigned. Elsewhere the only sons of Merari mentioned are Mahli and Mushi (Exoil. vi, 10 ; Numb, iii, 33 ; 1 Chron. vi, 4 [A.V. 19]; xxiii,21).
Jaa'ziel {Reb.Yadziel',hi<'^)V^,comfor1edhy God; Sept. '\i]ov\ V. r. 'O^k/X), a Levitical musician among those of the subordinate part (1 Chron. xv, 18) ; doubt- less the same with the Aztei, who was one of those that performed the so2)rano (ver, 20), B,C, 1014.
Jabajahites is the name of a modern Mohamme- dan sect which teaches "that the knowledge of God ex- tends to all things, but is perfected by experience ; and that he governs the world according to the chance of divers events, as not having had, from eternity, a per- fect knowledge of all things future." Of course the or- thodox Mohammedans look upon this doctrine as heret- ical, and condemn the Jabajahites as an impious and blasphemous set. See Broughton, Biblioth. Hist. Sac. i, 498. See Mohamjikdanism.
Ja'bal (Heb. Y'abul', ^3^ a stream, as in Isa. xxx, 2.5; xliv, 4; Sept. 'rw/3/;X, Josephus 'lw/3>/\oc, /In^ i,2, 2), a descendant of Cain, son of Lamech and Adah, and brother of Jubal ; described in Gen. iv, 20 as " the father of such as dwell in tents, and have cattle." B.C. cir. 3500. This obviously means that Jabal was the first who adopted that nomadic life which is still followed by numerous Arabian and Tartar tribes in Asia (compare Buttmau, Mythologus, i, 1G4 sq.). Abel had long before been a keeper of sheep (Gen. iv, 2) ; but Jabal invented such portable habitations (formed, doubtless, of skins) as enabled a pastoral people to remove their dwellings with them from one place to another, when they led their Hocks to new pastures. See Tknt. Bochart '{Ilie- roz. i, ii, c. 44, near the end) points out the difference between his mode of life and Abel's. Jabal's was a mi- gratory life, and his possessions probably included other animals besides sheep. The shepherds who were before him may have found the land on which they dwelt suf- ficiently productive for the constant sustenance of their IV.— Z z
flocks m the neighborhood of their fixed abodes. There is no need of supposing (with Hartmann, Ueh. Pentat. p, 395) any historical anticipation in Gen, iv, 17,
Jabalot, FitAxgois FERniXANO, an Italian preach- er of the Dominican order, was born at Parma in 1780, and educated at the university in that place. He paid particidar attention to the study of Hebrew, and gained notoriety as a preacher and student of the Oriental Ir.n- guages. He was a distinguished member of the " Con- gregation of the Index," and one of the examiners of bishops. He died at Kome, March 9, 1834. His writ- ings are, Deyli Ebrei nel loro i-apporto colle nazioni Cris- tiane (Rome, 1825, 12mo) : — Orazione funehre in morfe del conte A ntonio Cerati (Parma, 1816, 4to). See Hoefer, Nouv. Bio(j. Generate, xxvi, 141.
Jab'bok (Heb. Yahbok', p3^, according to Simo- nis, Onomast. p. 315, a pmirinc/ out, by Chaldaism from pi?3 ; otherwise, for piilX']^, a wrestling, from p3X, a coincidence that seems alluded to in Gen. xxxii, 24; Sept. 'lajiijJK, but 'lajSiox i'l ^^en. xxxii, 22 ; Josephus 'lajSaKxoc, Ant. iv, 5, 2; Chald. Nj^ai'^, Targ.), one of the streams which traverse the country east of the Jor- dan, and which, after a course nearly from east to west, between the districts of Merad and Belka (Seetzen, xviii, 427), falls into that river nearly midwaj- between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, or about forty-five miles below the Lake of Tiberias, another outlet ibr the water in time of freshets being situated a few miles higher up (Lynch, Exped. p. 253, and ]\Iap). It seems to rise in the Hauran mountains, and its whole course may be computed at sixty-five miles. It is mentioned in Scripture as the boundary which separated the king- dom of Sihon, king of the Amorites, or the territory of the Ammonites, from that of Og, king of Bashan (Josh, xii, 1-5; Numb, xxi, 24 ; Deut. ii, 37 ; Judg. xi, 13, 22) ; and it appears afterwards to h&vo. been the boundary between the tribe of Reuben and the half tribe of Ma- nasseh (Numb, xxi, 6; Deut. iii, IG). The earliest no- tice of it occurs in Gen. xxxii, 22, in the account of Ja- cob's mysterious struggle with Jehovah in its vicinity (south bank). According to Eusebius {Onomast. s. v.) it was between Gerasa (Jerash) and Philadelphia (Am- man). Origen {Opera, ii, 43) says it was known in his da}' by the name JamUce {'laiifiiKT] or 'lajujSi'KTj).