The promise made to David received its accomplish- ment when Solomon built his Temple upon ]Moimt ;Mo- riah, B.C. 1010. He also added towers to the Avails, and otherwise greatly adorned the city. By him and his father Jerusalem had been made the imperial residence of the king of all Israel ; and the Temple, often called " Che hoa;5C of Jehovah," constituted at the same time the residence of the King of kings, the supreme head of the theocratical state, whose vicegerents the human kings were taught to regard themselves. It now be- longed, even less than a town of the Levites, to a par- ticular tribe : it was the centre of all civil and religious affairs, the very place of which IMoses spoke, Deut. xii, 5 : " Tlie place which the Lord your God shall choose out of all your tribes to put his name there, even imto his habitation shall ye seek, and thither thou shalt come" (comp.ix,C; xiii, 14; xiv, 23 ; xvi, 11-lG; Psa. cxxii). See SoLOJiox.
Jerusalem was not, indeed, politically important : it was not tlic capital of a powerful empire directing the affairs of other states, but it stood high in the bright prospects foretold by David when declaring liis faith in the coming of a INIcssiah (Psa. ii, G ; 1, 2 ; Ixxxvii ; cii,
16-22; ex, 2). In all these passages the name '/Aon is used, which, although properly applied to the southern- most part of the site of Jerusalem, is often in Scripture put poetically for Jerusalem generally, and sometimes for IMount ^Nloriah and its Temple. See Ziox.
The importance and splendor of Jerusalem were con- siderably lessened after the death of Solomon, under whose son llehoboam ten of tlie tribes rebelled, Judah and Benjamin only remaining in their allegiance, B.C. 973. Jerusalem was then only the capital of the very small state of Judah. When Jeroboam instituted the worship of golden calves in Beth-el and Dan, the ten tribes went no longer up to Jerusalem to worship and sacrifice in the house of the Lord (1 Kings xii, 2G-30). See Israel, kingdoji of.
After this time the history of Jerusalem is continued in the history of Judah, for which the second book of the Kings and of the Chronicles are the principal sources of information. After the time of Solomon, the king- dom of Judah was almost alternately rided by good kings, " who did that which was right in the sight of the Lord," and by such as were idolatrous and evil-dis- posed ; and the reign of the same king often varied, and was by turns good or evil. The condition of the king- dom, and of Jerusalem in particular as its metropolis, was very much affected by these mutations. Lender good kings the city flourished, and under bad kings it suffered greatly. Under Eehoboam (q. v.) it was con- quered by Shishak (q. v.), king of Egypt, who pillaged the treasures of the Temple (2 Chron. xii, 9), B.C. 970. Under Amaziah (q. v.) it was taken by Jehoash, king of Israel, who broke do^vn four hundred cubits of the waU of the city, and took all the gold and silver, and all the vessels that were found in the Temple (2 Kings xiv, 13, 14), B.C. cir. 830. Uzziah (q. v.), son of Amaziah, who at first reigned well, built towers in Jerusalem at the corner-gate, at the valley-gate, and at the turning of the wall, and fortified them (2 Chron. xxvi, 9), B.C. cir. 807. His son, Jotham (q. v.), built the high gate of the Temple, and reared up many other structures (2 Chron. xxvii, 3, 4), B.C. cir. 755. Hezekiah (q. v.) added to the other honors of his reign that of an improver of .Je- rusalem (2 Chron. xxix, 3), B.C. 72G. At a later date, however, he despoiled the Temple in some degree in or- der to pay the levy imposed by the ki ig of Assyria (2 Kings xviii, 15, 16), B.C. 713. ' But in the latter part of the same year he performed his most eminent service for the city by stopping the upper course of Gihon, and bringing its waters by a subterraneous aqueduct to the west side .of the city (2 Chron. xxxii, 30). This work is inferred, from 2 Kings xx, to have been of great im- portance to Jerusalem, as it cut off a supplj' of water from any besieging enemy, and bestowed it upon the in- habitants of the city. The immediate occasion was the threatened invasion by the Assyrians. See Sexxache- KiB. Hezekiah's son, IManasseh (q. v.), was punished by a capture of the city in consequence of his idolatrous desecration of the Temple (2 Chron. xxxiii, 11), B.C. cir. 690 ; but in his later and best years he built a strong and very high wall on the west side of Jerusalem (2 Chron. xxxiii, 14). The Avorks in the city connected with the names of the succeeding kings of Judah were, so far as recorded, confined to the defilement of the house of the Lord by bad kings, and its purgation by good kings, the most important of the latter being the repair- ing of the Temple by Josiali (2 Kings xx, xxiii), B.C. 623, till for the abounding iniquities of the nation the city and Temple were abandoned to destruction, after several preliminary siioliations liy the Egyptians (2 Kings xxiii, 33-35), B.C. 609, and Babvlonians (2 Kings xxiv, 14), B. C. 606, and again (2 Kings xxiv, 13), B.C. 598. Finally, after a siege of three years, Jerusalem was taken by Nebuchadnezzar, who razed its walls, and destroyed its Temple and palaces with fire (2 Kings xxv ; 2 Chron. xxxvi ; Jer. xxxix), B.C. 588. Thus was Jerusalem smitten with the calamity which Moses had prophesied woidd befall it if the people would not keep the com-