7. Jesus was educated at Nazareth (I lase. p. 57 ; AVcisse, De J. C. educatiniie, Ilelmst. 169«; Lange, J>e prnfertib. ChrM adoU'sc. Altdorf, 1699), but attended no (H.al)bin- leal) schools (John vii, 15). He appears, according to the custom of tlio times, to liave learned the trade of his adopted father (Justin Mart. c. Tn/pli. 88, p. 316, ed. Col. ; comp. Theodor. Hist. Keel, iii, 23; Sozomen, vi, 2, etc.')! but this he did not contiinie to practice at the same time with his career of teaching, as was usiud with all the Kabbins (compare Neander, j). 54). By this means he may ni part have acquired his subsistence (comp. Mark VI, 3 ; but Origen, Contra Celsum, 6, p. 299, denies this statement, and Tischendorf omits o TyKTwv). Besides, his followers supplied him with liberal i)resents, and, on'
his journeys, the Oriental usages of hospitality (John v, 45 ; xii, 2) served him in good stead (see Kau, Unde Jes. alimenta vitce acceperit, Erlang. 1794). See Hospital- ity. A number of grateful women also accompanied him for a considerable time, who cared for his mainten- ance (Luke viii, 2; Mark xv, 41). He had a common travelling-purse with the apostles (John xii, 6 ; xiii, 29), from which the stock of provisions for the journey was provided (Luke ix, 13; Matt, xiv, 17 sq., etc.). We certainly cannot regard Jesus as properly /joor in the sense of indigent (see Walch, Miscell. Sac?: p. 866 sq.), for this appears (Henke's Mus. ii, 610 sq.) neither from Matt, viii, 20 (see Lunze,Z'e Christidivitiis.etpaupeiiate, Lips. 1784), nor yet from 2 Cor. viii, 9 (see Beitrdge z, verniinftiyen Denh. iv, 160 sq.), and John xix, 23, rather shows the contrarj' (comp. Bar-Hebraus, Chron. p. 251) ; yet his parents were by no means in opulent circum- stances (see Luke ii, 24 ; comp. Lev. xii, 8), and he him- self possessed (Matt, viii, 20) at least no real estate what- ever (see generally I!au, 7Ve catisis cur J.C. paupertati se subjecerit pnecipuis, Erlang. 1787 ; Siebenhaar, in the Sdcfis.ef/et. Stud. iijWHsq.). See Humiliation. Dur- ing his public career of teaching, Jesus (when not trav- elling) staid chiefly and of choice at Capernaum (JNIatt. iv, 13), and only on one or t^vo occasions (Luke iv, 16 ; Mark vi, 1) visited Nazareth (see Kiesling, f)e J. Xazar. inr/rata patria exule, Lips. 1741). \\\ exterior he con- stantly observed the customs of liis ]>((i|4c (see A. Ge- senius, Christ, decoro gentis suce si- iic<-iiiiiiiiiiihi.<se, Helmst. 1734 ; (xude, De Christo et discipnli.'; rjus <]< e<iri studiosis, in the Xov. miscellan. Lips, iii, 563 sq.), and, far from wishing to attract attention by singularity or austerity, he took part in the pleasures of social life (John ii, I sq.; Luke vii, 31 sq. ; Matt, xi, 16 sq. ; compare ix, 14 sq.). Nevertheless, he never married (compare Clem. Alex. Strom, iii, 191 sq, ; see Schleiermacher, Der Christliche Gluube, 1st ed. ii, 526), for the supposition of Schulthess {Xeutest. theolog. Xachr. 1826, i, 20 sq.; 1828, i, 102 sq.) that Jesus was married according to Jewish usage, with the addition that his wife (and, perhaps, several children by her) had died before his entrance upon public life, is a pure hypothesis that at least deserves no countenance from the silence in the N.T. as to any such occurrences; and the stupendous design already in the mind of the youthful Jesus afforded no motive for marriage, and, in- deed, did not admit (compare j\Iatt. xix, 12) such a con- finement to a narrower circle (see Weisse, Leben Jesv, i, 249 sq. ; comp. Hase, p. 109). Additional literature may be seen in Volbeding, p. 17, 18 ; Hase. p. 59. See Naza-
RKXK.
8. The length of Jesus's public ministry (beginning about the 30th year of his age, Luke iii, 24 ; see Rosch, in the Br-em. n. Verd. Biblioth. iii, 813 sq.), as M-ell as the chronological sequence of the single events related in the (lospels, is very variously estimated. (See Hase, p. 17.) The first three evangelists give, as the scene of their transactions (after his temptation and the im- prisonment of the Baptist, Matt, iv, 1-13), almost exclu- sively Galilee {De (lalilcea oppo7-fimo Serratoris mirac- vlor. theairo, Giitt. 1775), inasmuch as Jesus had his res- idence then in the city Capernaum, especially in the winter months (Matt. iV, 13; viii, 5; xvii, 24 ;" Mark i, 21 ; ii, 1 , etc.). For the most part, we find him in the ro- mantic and thickly settled neighborhood of the Sea of Tiberias, or upon its surface (Matt, viii, 23 sq. ; xiii, 1 s(]. ; xiv, 13; Luke viii, 22), also on the other side in Perwa (Matt.viii,28; Luke viii,26; Mark vii,3n. Once he went as far as within the Phcenician boimdaries (jMatt. XV, 21 ; Mark vii, 24 sq.). But in the syno]itical gospels he only ai>pcars once to have visited Jerusalem, at the time of the last Passover (Matt, xxi sq. ; iMark xi sq.; Luke xix sq.). According to this, the duration of his teaching might be limited to a single year (Euseb. iii, 24), and many (appealing to Luke iv, 19; comp. Isa. Ixi, 1 s<i. ; see Origen, Horn. 32 ; comp. Tertull. A dr. Jud. C.8; but sec Kcirner. p. 4) already in the ancient Church {(Aem.Mfis.. Strom, i, p. 147 ; Origen, I'riiwip. iv, 5) only