2. The following is a list of the most important of the very numerous works relating to the person and history of Christ, of wliich Germany has been especially fruitful (comp.Walch, iii, 404; Hase, p. 28, 37, 41; Andrews, Preface).
(1.) Of a general character are treatises by the fol- lowing authors, respecting the proper method of inves- tigating the career of Christ : Doderlein (Jena, 1783 sq.), Semler (Hal. 1786), Eberhard (Hal. 1787), Albers (Giitt. 1793), Ammon (Gcitt. 1794), Brliggeman (Giitt. 1795), Stuckert (Francfort, 1797), Miiller (Stuttg. 1785), Piper (Giitt. 1835), Sextroh (Giitt. 1785), Peterson (Lub.1838), Scholten (Traj. 1840), Wiggers (Rost. 1837). On pro- fane and apocryphal materials: Kocher (Jena, 1726), Meyer ( Hamb. 1805) , Angusti (Jena, 1799) , Huldric (L. B. 1705), Werner (Stad. 1781). Jiiatessura of the Gospel history have been composed by the following: J. F. Bahrdt (Lpz. 1772), Roos (Tubingen, 1776), Mutschelle (Munch. 1784), C. F. Bahrdt (BerL 1787), Bergen (Gies- sen, 1789 sq.),White (Oxon. 1800), Keller (Stuttg. 1802), Horn (Niirnburg, 1803), Sebastian! (Lpzg. 1806), Hum- mer (Wien, 1807), Langsdorf (Mannheim, 1830), KUchler (Lips. 1835), and others. See Harjionies.
Discussions on the life of Jesus, iu a more historical form, of a hostile character, are by the fillowiiig : Reimar (Braunschweig, 1778 sq.), C. F. Bahrdt ( I lalk/l 782 ; Berl. 1784 sq.), J. G. Schulthess (Ziir. 1783),Venturiiii (Kopen. 1800), Langsdorf (Mannh. 1831), D. F. Strauss (Tiibing. 1835, 1837, 1838 [the work which provoked the innumer- able critiques and rejoinders, as above stated]. Sack (Bonn, 1836),Theile (Lpzg. 1832), Hahn (Leii«ig, 1839).
Of an apoloffetic character [besides those in express opposition to Strauss] are the following: Keinhard (AV^it- tenburg, 1781 ; 5th edition, with additions by Heubner, 1830), Hess (Zurich, 1774, rewritten 1823), Yermehren (Halle, 1799), Opitz (Zerbst, 1812\ Planck (Gott.1818), Bodent[Rom. Cath.] ((urniiiKl. lsi8 sq.), Paulus (Hei- delb. 1828), J. Schidtlicss (Ziiri.li, 1830), Hase (Lpzg. 1829, 1835), Neandor (Ilaiiib. 1837; translated by M'Clin- tock and Bhnnoiithal X. Y. 1840), Kleuker (Brem. 1776 ; Ulm. 1793), Basedow (Lp/.. 1784), Wizenman (Lpz.1780), Herder (Riga, 17!t(;), llackcr (Leipzig, 1801-3), Schorch (Lpzg. 1841), Koltlioif (Hafn. 1852), Hofmann (Leipzig, 1852), Keim (Ziir. ISGl, 1864), Wisenmann (1864), Weiss (Ingolst. 1864). See Rationalism.
Among those of a more practical character are the following: Walch (Jena, 1740), HUniber (Frankf. 1763), Hoppenstedt (Hannov. 1784 sq.). Hunter (Lond. 1785), Fleetwood (Lond.), Cramer (Lpz. 1787), Marx (Minister, 1789, 1830), Gosner (Leipzig, 1797; Ziirich, 1818), Sinte- nis (Zerbst, mm. IMoister ( liasel, 1802), Reichenberger (Wien, 1793, 1826). (Jerliard and :\Ii\ller (Erfurt, 1801), Baurlegel (Neustadt. 18(11. 1,S21 ), (ireihng (Halle, 1813), Jacobi (Gotha, 1817; Sonders. 1819), Pfiaum (Niirnburg,
JESUS CHRIST
901 JESUS CHRIST, ORDERS OF
1819), Ammon (Lpzg. 1812-7, "• vols.), ^Miillor (Berlin, 1819, 1821), Schmidt (Wien, 1«J2, 1S_>(;). Francke (Bresl. 1823, Lpzg. 1838, 1842), BiichlVliur ( :\Iiiiioh. 182G), Ne- vels (Aachen, 182G), Stephani (:\Iag(kl). 1830), Onymus (Siilzb. 1831), Blunt (London, ISooj, Hartmann (Stutti;. 1837), Weisse (Lpzg. 1838), Knhn (Mainz, 1838), Lchr- reich (tiiiedl. 1840), Ilirsoher (Tubing. 1839),Wiirkcrts (Meiss. 1840), Hug (1840), Krane (Cass. 1850), Lichten- Btein (Erl. 1855),Kougemont (Paris and Lausanne, 18.')t)), J. Bucher (Stuttgard, 1859), Krummacher (Bielf. 1854), Baumgarten (Brunsw. 1859), Uhlhoni (Hamb. 18G(J; Bost. 18G8), EUicott (London, 1859), Andrews (N. Y. 18G2).
Among those pictorially illustrated are the works of Sclileich (:Munch. 1821), Langer (Stuttgart, 1823), Kitto (Lend. 1847), Abbott (N. Y. 18G4), Crosby (N. Y. 1871).
Among those of a poetiad character are Juvencus, ed. Arevahis (Rom. 1792), Vida (L. B. 15GG, cd. MiiUer; Hamb. 1811), Wilmseu (Berlin, 1816, 182G), Gittermann (Hannov. 1821), Schincke (Hal. 182G). Klopstock (Hal. 1751. and often), Lavater (Wintcrth.1783), Halem (Han- nov. 1810), Weihe (Elborf. 1822, 1824). Wilmy (Sulzb. 1825), Kirsch (Lpz. 1825), Gopp (Lpz. 1827).
(2.) Of a more special nature are treatises on particu- lar portions of Christ's outward historj' or circumstances, e. g. his relatives: AValther (Bcrl. 1791), Oertel (Germ. 1792), Hasse (Regiom. 1792; Berl. 1794), Ludewig (Wolf- enb. 1831). Tiliander (Upsal. 1772), Gever (Viteb. 1777), Blom (L. Bat. 1839), Oosterzee (Traj.'a. R. 1840); and his country : Konigsman (Slesvic. 1807). Among those on his birth: Korb (Lpz. 1831), Meerhcim (Viteb. 1785), Keimer (Lubec, 1653), Oetter (Nlinib. 1774); and in a chronological point of view, among others : Masson (Koterd. 1700), Jlaius (Kilon. 1708; id. 1722), Heinec- cuis (Hal. 1708), Liebknecht (Giess. 1735), Hager (Chem- nit. 1743), Mann (Lond. 1752), Jost (Wirceb. 1754), Hai- den (Prague, 1759), Reccared (Regiom. 17G8; id. 17GG), Horix (Mogunt. 1789), Sanclemente (Rome, 1795), Mi- chaelis (Wien, 1797), Miinter (Kopenh. 1827), Feldhoff (Frankf. 1832), Mayer (Gryph. 1701), Hardt (Helmstiidt, 1754), Korner (Lipsiiie, 1778), Mynster (Kopenh. 1837), Huschke (Bresl. 1840), Caspari (Hamb. 18G9) ; compare SInJ. It. Krit. 1870, ii, 357; 1871, ii; Baptist Quarterly, 1871, p. 118 sq.; and see Z\im\>i.,Das Gehurtsjahr Christi (Ltipzig, 1869). On his infancy, education, etc.: Nie- meyer (Halle, 1790), Ammon ((Jotting. 1798), Schubert (Gryph. 1813), Carpzov (Helmst. 1771).Weise (Helmst. 1798), Lange (Aid. 1G99), Arnold (Regiom. 1730), Rau (Erl. 1796), Bandelin (Llib. 1809). On the duration of his ministry: Chrysander (Brunsw. 1750), Pisanski (Re- giom. 1778), Loeber (Altenb. 1767), Korner (Lips. 1779), Priestley (Birmingham, 1780), Newcome (Dublin, 1780), Priess (Rost. 1789), Hiinlein (Erlang. 179G). See Apos- tle. On his baptism, see John the Baptist. On his travels: Schmidt (Ilmenau, 1833; Paris, 1837). On his celibacy : Niedner (Schneeberg, 1815). On his teaching : Tschucke (Lipsi.-e, 1781), Bahrdt (Berlin, 1786), Jlander- bach (Elberf. 1813), Martini (Rost. 1794), Stier (Leipzig, 1853 sq. ; Edinb. 1856 sq.). See Serjion ox the Mouxt. On his alleged writings : Ittig (Lipsise, 1696), Epistola apocrypha J. C. ad Petruni (Rom. 1774), Sartorius (Ba- sil. 1817), Gieseke (Llinenb. 1822), Witting (Braunschw. 1823). SeeABGAK. On his miracles (q. v.) : Heumann (Gott. 1747), Pfaff (Tubingen, 1752), Pauli (Riga, 1773), Trench (Lond. 1848; N. Y. 1850), On his transfigura- tion (q. v.) : Reusmann (Giitting. 1747), (ieorgi (Yiteb. 1744), anonymous Essay (Lond. 1788), Haubold (Gott. 1791), Eger (1794), Rau (Erl. 1797) ; and his white gar- ment, Franke (Lips. 16/ 2), Sagittarius (Jena, 1673). On his temptation (([.v.): Baumgarten (Halle, 1755), De Saga (Giitt, 1757), Farmer (London, 1671), Saner (Bonn, 1789), Postius (Zweibr. 1791), Ziegenhagen (Franckfort, 1791), Domey (Upsal. 1792), Schiitze (Hamb. 1793). Dahl (Upsal. 1800), Bertholdt (Erl. 1812), GeUerichts (Altenb. 1815), Richter (Yiteb. 1825), Schweizer (Zurich, 1833), Ewald (Bayreuth, 1833) ; comp.theZeifccAr. /'. icissensch. Theol. 1870, p. 188 sq. On his passion (q. v.) : Iken (Brem. 1743 i Tr. a. R. 1758), Baumgarten (HaUe, 1757), Glanz