Je'tur (Heb. Yetur', "11131', prob. i. q. "Ilii, an inclo- sure, i. e. nomadic camp; Sept. 'Itrovp, 'Itrrovo, but 'Iroi'pntoi in 1 Chron. v, 19), one of the twelve sons of Ishmael (Gen. xxv, 15 ; 1 Chron. i, 31). B.C. post 2063. His name stands also for his descendants, the Iturceans (1 Chron. v, 19), a people living east of the nortlurn Jordan (Luke iii, 1), where he appears to have settled. See Itlk.ka.
Jetzer, Joiiann, a religious fanatic, a tailor by trade, who lived in the early part of the 16th century, was a lay brother of the Dominican convent at Berne. The order to which he belonged about this time w^ere en- gaged in a controversy with the Franciscans on the doctrine of the immaculate conception. Some noted monks and priests of the former had so fiercely assailed it that they had been summoned to Pome to answer for their conduct. The Dominicans of Wimpfen thereupon determined to appear to one of their novitiates at Berne — this very Jetzer — at midnight, and, representing de- parted spirits, assured him that in the other world the doctrine of immaculate conception was denied, and that those who had in this world persecuted the opponents of the doctrine were still in Purgatory, and there expi- ating their crime. He at first was completely duped, and created a great excitement among the masses, which was all that the monks had desired in order to secure
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the liberation of their comrades at Rome. But when Jetzer found that he had been imposed upon, he serious- ly opposeil the plot at the danger of his life. For fur- ther particulars, see iMosheim, Eccles. Hist, book iv, cent, xvi, sec. 1, ch. i, § 12. See also Beknk Confekkxce.
Jeii'el (Heb. Yeiiel', SK'l"^ snatched away by God, 1. e. protected; Sept. 'l£//X,Vulg. Jehnel), a descendant of Zerah, who, with his kindred to the number of 690, resided in Jerusalem after the captivity (1 Chron. ix, G). B.C. 53G. Tliis name is also everywhere written in the text for bx'^"^. Sec Jeiei,. In the Apocrypha (1 Esdr, viii, 39) it stands for the Heb. Jeucl (Ezra viii, 13) as the name of one of the Bene-Adonikam who re- turned to Jerusalem after the captivitj-.
Je'iish (Hebrew Yeiish', ujl"% assemble?- ; written d"'""', Yeish', in the text of (ien. xxxvi, 5, 14 ; 1 Chron. vii, 10), the name of several men.
1. (Sept. ltoii(;, but 'Uov\ in 1 Chron. i, 35; Vulg. Jehus). The oldest of the three sons of Esau by Aholi- bamah, the daughter of Anah, born in Canaan, but af- tenvards a sheik of the Edomites (Gen. xxxvi, 5, 14, 18 ; 1 Chron. i, 35). B.C. post 19G4.
2. (Sept. 'Itwt.' V. r. 'Iaoirc,Vulg. Jehus.') The first named of the sons of Bilhan, grandson of Benjamin (1 Chron. vii, 10). B.C. considerably post 185G.
3. (Sept. 'Iwac.^iilg- Jauji.) A Levite, one of the four sons of Shimei ; not having many sons, lie was reck- oned with his brother Beriah as the third liranch of the family (1 Chron. xxiii, 10, 11). B.C. 1014.
4. (Sept. 'IfO(''c,Vulg. Je/H/.<.) One of the three sons of Kehoboam, apparently by Abihail, his second wife ("2 Chron. xi, 19). B.C. post 973.
5. (Sept. 'iSicic V. r. '!«(,•, Vulg. Jehus, A. Vers. " Je- hush.") The second son of Eshek, brother of Azel, of the descendants of Said (1 Chron. viii, 39). B.C. cir. 588.
Je'iiz (Heb. Yeiifs', 'f^V^, counsellor, q. d. EviSov- Xog; Sept. Itovg v. r. 'l£/3oi;c, Vulg. Jehus), a chief Benjamite, one of the sons apparently of Shaharaim, born of his wife Hodesh or Baara in the land of Jloab (1 Chron. viii, 10). B.C. perh. cir. 1G18.
Jewr (Ileb.lWiWf/jVitsin^plur. D^il^in^, sometimes D"'';''liri7, Esth. iv, 7 ; viii, 1,7, 13; ix, 15, 18 text; fem. n^nw^', 1 Chron. iv, 18; Chald.in plur. emphat. "^.'^^^in;', Dan. iii, 8 ; Ezra iv, 12 ; v, 1, 5 ; adv. P'^'l^n^ Judaice, in the Jews' language, 2 Kings xviii, 2G ; Neh. xiii, 24 ; Sept. and N. T. 'lovvnioc, hence verb 'lovSatZu), to Ju- daize, Gal. ii, 14 ; adj. 'lovcaiKoc, Jewish, Tit, i, 14, etc.), a name formed from that of the patriarch Judah, and applied in its first use to one belonging to the tribe or country of .Judah, or rather, perhaps, to a subject of the separate kingdom of .Judah (2 Kings xvi, 6 ; xxv, 5 ; Jer. xxxii, 12; xxxviii, 19; xl, 11; xli, 3; xliv, 1 ; Iii, 28), in contradistinction from the seceding ten tribes, who retained the name of Israel or Israelites. During the captivity the term seems to have been extended (sec Josephus, A nt. xi, 5, 6) to all the people of the He- brew language and country, without distinction (Esth. iii, G, 9 ; Dan. iii, 8, 12) ; and this loose application of the name was preserved after the restoration to Pales- tine (Hag. i, 14; ii,2; Ezra iv, 12; v,l,5; Neh. i,2; ii, 16; V, 1,8, 17), when it came to denote not only every descendant of Abraham in the largest possible sense (2 ^lacc. ix, 17 ; John iv, 9 ; Acts xviii, 2, 24, etc.), es- pecially in opposition to foreigners ("Jews and CJrceks," Actsxiv, 1; xviii, 4; xix, 10; 1 Cor. i, 23, 24), but even proselytes who had no blood-relation to the Hebrews (Acts ii, 5 ; comp. 10). An especial use of the term is noticeable in the (iospel of John, where it fretjuently stands for tlie chief Jews, the elders, who were opposed to Christ (John i, 19; v, 15, 16; vii, 1, 11, 13; ix, 22; xviii, 12, 14, etc. ; comp. Acts xxiii, 20). See Jcdah.