Towards the end of the 17th century and the begin- ning of the 18th, the tradition of the Wandering Jew, in I'Ingland, changed to the original Eastern account. A stranger made his appearance claiming to be an offi- cer of tlie upper council of Jerusalem, and that he had done what was generally attributed to Cartaphilus — namely, had struck Jesus as the latter left Pilate's pal- ace, and said to him, " Go, move on ; why dost thou yet linger here?" The English miiversities sent their ablest ])rofcssors to question him. He proved himself able to answer them all; he related a great deal con- cerning the apostles, as also about IMohammed, Tamer- lane, Soliman, etc., all of whom he professed to have known pcrsonallv; he knew all the dates of the events connected with the Crusades, etc. Some considered him an impostor or a visionary, while others believed him.
AVhether the allegorj' of Ahasuerus, or this ever-rest- less being, is to be understood as a type of the anti- Ciiristian spirit of scepticism, or whetlier, in a more concrete sense, it is meant to typify the ever-wandering, homeless, yet still tnichanged Jewish people, is a ques tion for critics to decide. We Avill only add that this fancifid trailition has become the theme for a great number of works of imagination. It has been worked up into songs, as by Schubert, Schlegel, etc.; into epics, as l)y Julius jMiispn, Xich. Lenaw, etc. : into dramas, as liy Klingemann. French writers also have used it ; lOdgar <^uinet and Beranger have composed songs on the Wandering Jew. I5ut the most remarkal)le produc- tion to which this legend has given rise is Eugene Sue's novel, r/,e Wouilrrinf) Jew (Le Juif errant, Paris, 1844). .See Dr. J. (i. Th. Griisse, Sar/e r. eirir/en Juden, historisch (iitwivhelt (Dresden u. Lcipz. 1844, 8 vo); Herzog, i?e«/- Km-nldnpndie, vii, 131 sq. (J. N. P.)
Jewel is the representative in the A. V. of the follow- ing terms in the original : CfS (ne'zem, a r%), a nose-ring ri'rov. xi, 22 ; Isn. iii, 21 ; Ezek. xvi, 12 ; everywhere else rendered " ear-ring," Gen. xxiv, 22, 30, 47 ; see Jerome :)n Ezek. ad loc; Ilartmann's Ilebraerin, ii, KiG; iii, 20.i), or an enr-ring (Gen. xxxv, 4 ; Exod. xxxii, 2, 3) ; elsewhere without specifying the part of the person on which it was worn (Judg. viii, 24-2(1 ; ICxod. xxxv, 32; Jol) xlii, 11 ; Prov. xxv, 12; Hos. ii, 15). "^^n {chaW, so called as Wmii poliihed), a necklace or trinket (Cant, vii, 1 ; " ornament," Prov. xxv, 12), and il^bll (chehjah', fem. of preced.), a necklace or female ornament (Hos.ii, 13>. -^SS (keW, an implement or resxef of any kind), an i.iicle of silver-ware or other precious material (Gen.
xxiv, 53 ; Exod. iii, 22 ; xi, 2 ; xii, 35 ; Numb, xxvi, 50, 51; 1 Sam. vi, 8, 15; Job xxviii, 17; Prov. xx, 15), or any elegant trappings or piece of finery in dress (Isa. Lxi, 10; Ezek. xvi, 7, 39; xxiii, IG), elsewhere rendered "vessel," etc. H^SD (segullah', property), wealth or treasure (Mai. iii, 17; elsewhere usually " peculiar treas- ure," Exod. xix, 5 ; Psa. exxxv, 4, etc.). See Drkss ; Precious Stoxk; etc.
Je-well, John, a learned English writer and bishop, one of the fathers of the English Protestant Church, was bom IMay 24, 1522, at Buden, in the county of Dev- on, and educated at Oxford, where he took the degree of bachelor of arts in 1541, became a noted tutor, and was soon after chosen lecturer on rhetoric in his college. He had early imbibed the principles of the Eeformation, and inculcated them upon his pupils, though it had to be done privately till the accession of king Edward the Sixth, which took place in 154G, when he made a public declaration of his faith, and entered into a close friend- ship with Peter Martyr, who was visiting Oxford about this time. On the accession of queen Marj' in 1553, he was one of the first to feel the rage of the storm then raised against the l-ieformation ; he was obliged to flee, and, after encountering many difficulties, joined the English exiles at Frankfort, in the second year of queen Mary's reign, and here made a public recantation of his forced subscription to the popish doctrines. He then went to Strasburg, and afterwards to Ziirich, where he resided with Peter Martyr. He returned to England in 15'o9, after the death of queen INIary, and in the following year was consecrated bishop of Salisburj'. He now preached and wrote anew in favor of the Kef- ormation, and sought in everj' waj* to extinguish any attachment still remaining for the Roman Catholics. It was at this time, after more than twenty years spent in researches, that he published his famous Apologiu j^ro Ecclesia Anfjlicava (translated into six different lan- guages, and into English by lady Bacon [wife of the councillorj, under the title. An Apology or Ansicer in defence of the Church of England, 15G2, 4to). But his watchful and laborious manner of life impaired his health, and brought him quickly to the grave. He died at Monkton Farley Sept. 22, 1571 . " He was a prel- ate of great learning, piet}', and moderation ; irreproach- able in his private life ; extremely generous and charita- ble to the poor, to whom, it is said, his doors always stood open. He was of a pleasant and affable temper, modest, meek, and temperate, and a great master of his passions. His memory was natin-ally strong and retentive, but he is said to have greatly improved it by art, insomuch that marvellous things are related of it by his biographers." The writings of bishop Jewell, which are chiefly contro- versial, are greatly valued even in our day, and are freely used in two departments of Chiu-ch controversy— on the question between the Church of England and the Church of Rome, and on the question respecting the de- votional sentiments of the English Protestant fathers. Besides his Apology, he wrote, in reply to Thomas Har- diiig (q. v.), A Defence of the Apology (1565 and 1567, folio), the reading of which was obligatory in all par- ishes until the time of Charles I -.—A View of a seditious Bull sent into KiighmdlHi I'npe Pins Vin 1569:— .4 Trea- tise on the Holy ,v, //y tnn.< [ Lond. 1582, 8vo) :— ^?j Ex- position of the. tirn Ay, /.-/Ax to the Thessalonians : — A Treatise on the Sacrann i.ls (Loud. 1583, 8vo); besides several sermons and cmii r( )\ i i>ial 1 rcatises. His works were collected and pid)lislK<l in ^mc. folio volume (Lond. 1609, 1611, 1G3I, 1711 ; recent editions, Carab. 1845-50, 4 vols. sm. fol. ; Oxf. 1847, 1848, 8 vols. 8vo). See Fuller, Church Hist.; Burnet, }Iist. of Reformation; L. Hum- frey. Life of John Jewell (1573) ; Hoefer, Now. Biog. Gen. xxvi, 710 ; Allibone, Diet, of A nth. i. 967 ; Wood, .4 the- tue Oxon. vol. i (see Index) ; Chas. Webb le Bas, IJfe of Bishop Jewell (1835) ; Middleton, Reformers, iii, 352 sq. (J.H.W.)