JOHN"
978
JOHN
of the ablest of the glossntores (q. v.) on canon law, and appears to have exerted great influence in general over the ecclesiastical affairs of his time, and to have been in LTcat favor both with the pope and with the king of France. He died at Paris Nov. 28, 1229. He left thirty-seven sermons, which are preserved among the :M.SS. of the Imperial Librarj- at Paris. (Two Domin- ican monks of like name ttourished in the latter half of the 13th and the first half of the 14th century.) See Cesaire d'Heistcrbah, I Hunt r. Mirac. et IHstoire Memor. lib. vi, c. 12; .Jacques de Vitry, JJist. Occidental, c. 24; Hist. Lilt. <k la France, xviii, 07 ; Gallia Christ, vol. x, col. Ora; Iloefer, Nouv. Biorj. Generak, xxvi, 547.
John, archbishop of Tiiessalonica, who flourished in the 7th century, is noted as a stout defender of the orthodox faith against the Jlonothelites. He attended as papal legate the third Constantinopolitan (sixth oecumenical) Council (A.D. 680), and in that character subscribed the Acta of the council {Concilia, vol. vi, col. 1058, ed. Labbe ; vol. iii, col. 1425, ed. Hardouin ; vol. xi, col. G39, ed. :Mansi). The time of his death is alto- gether uncertain. He wrote (1) Ei'c tuq jwpoipopovQ yvvalKUQ, In mulieres ferentes itnguenta, a discourse or treatise in which he argues that there is no contradic- tion in the several accounts of the resurrection of Christ given by the four evangelists. This piece appears to have been regarded by some as a work of Chrysostom, and was first published (but from a mutilated and cor- rupt text) by Savile in his edition of Chrysostom (v, 740, Eton. 1610, foL), thou-h with an expression of doubt as to its genuineness. It \\ a^ suhsequently print- ed more correctly in the Xnniin A nciuriiim of Combefis (vol. i, Paris, 1648, folio), and by him assigned to the right author. It is given in a mutilated form in Mont- faucon's edition of Chrysostom among the Spuria, viii, l.iO (Paris, 1718, fol.), or in viii, 816 of the 8vo reprint Cl'aris, 1S39). It is also given in the Bibliotheca Pa- triiin of (iallandius, xiii, 185, etc. A Latin version is given in the Bibliotheca Pat mm, vol. xii (Lyons, 1677) : — (2) Aoyog, Oratin, of which a considerable extract was read by Nicolaus, bishop of Cyzicus, at the second Nicene (seventh oecumenical) Council, and is printed in the Coni-ilin, vol. vii, col. 353, ed. Labbe ; vol. iv, col. 292. ed. Hardouin; vol. xiii, col. 163, ed. Mansi ; and by (Iallandius in his Bibliotheca Patrum, xiii, 196. See ( ■a\-c, ///v/. Utt. I 597; Fabricius. Bibl. Grcec. x, 250.— Smith, Dirt. Gr. and Rom. Biog. ii, 603.
John OK Tl-RRECKEM.VTA. SeC TlRRECKEJIATA.
John oi- Wesel. See Wesel.
John OI'- Wessel. See Wessel.
John I, pope of Rome, a Tuscan by birth, as(X'nrted the papal throne Aug. 13, 523. About this time the tiiguted Ivistern emperor Justus II had issued an edict against heretics of all denominations, commanding them to be put to death wherever found in his dominions; but, as it was principally aimed against the detested Maiiichteans, all went well until, in 524, the emperor is- sued anotiicr edict, this time against the Arians of Italv. Their patron Thcodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, was in- duced to iiitcrce<le for them in Hyzantium, and he des- patched an embassy for this purpose, headed by the orthodox poi)C John himself, who had thus to i)l"ead a cause for winch he had no sympathy. The latter prom- ised, ni unilertaking the mission, to jjrocure the revoca- tion of the edict, and in this he succeeded, but, failing t> |)rocure also the emperor's permission for all those who had forsaken Arianism unwillinglv to return to tlioir former faith, and Theodoric fearing that the whole work on the part of the pope was a piece of deceiition, and that the Romans, with the bisho)) at their head msteail of seeking relief from the int..lcrance of Greek orthodoxy, solicited aid against the (ioths, imprisoned the pope on his arrival at Ravenna, where he died, ISIay 18, o2G. A Roman tradition reports, not without some complacency, that in Constantinople the emperor bowed down before the bishop of Rome, an.l that at high mass
the seat of the latter, by his special request, was raised above that of the patriarch; seemingly, of course, a concession of superiority to the Roman see. John is numbered among the martyrs. Two letters are ascribed to him by Baronius and others, but they are now gener- ally rejected. See Bower, Hist, of the Popes, ii, 312 sq. ; RidcUe, Papacy, i, 199.
John II, Pope, a Roman by birth, surnamed ]\fer- curius, succeeded Boniface II in the Roman see in 532, being elected by the clergy and the people of Rome after considerable agitation and many simoniacal practices, and confirmed by king Athalaric, for which confirmation a certain payment was fixed by an edict of the same king. The emperor Justinian, in a letter addressed to him shortly after his accession, after earnest assurances of his endeavor to unite the Western and Eastern chiirches, makes full confession of superior power be- longing to the Roman hierarchy, designating him as " the head of the holy Church." The only other im- portant events in his life are his decision on the Trinity question in favor of Justinian (q. v.) [see Accemet.e], and in the case of the bishop of Riez (q. v.). He died in 535. See Bower, Hist, of the Popes, ii, 333 sq. ; Rid- dle, Papacy, i, 203,