2. The father of Igal, which latter was the Issachar- ite " spy" to explore Canaan (Xumb. xiii, 7). B.C. ante 1657.
3. The second named of the sons of Asaph, appointed head of tlie first division of sacred musicians bv David (1 Chron. XXV, 2, 9). B.C. 1014,
4. The son of Jonan, and father of Judah or Adaiah, among Christ's maternal ancestors, but unmentioned in the 0. T. (Luke iii, 30). B.C. ante 876.
5. Son of Shebaniah, and one of the chief priests con- temporary with Jehoialdm (Neh. xii, 14), B.C. post 536.
6. One of the "sons" of Bani who divorced his Gen- tile wife after the exile (Ezra x, 42). B.C. 459.
7. The son of .Judah, and father of Scmei, maternal ancestors of Jesus (Luke iii, 26); jirobably the same with SciiiiciiANiAir, the son of Obadiah, and father of Shemaiah (I Ciiron. iii, 21, 92). B.C. between 530 and 410.
8. The son of Jfattathiah, and father of Janna, ma- ternal ancestors of Christ, unmentioned in the Old Test (Luke iii, 24 ). B.C. considerably post 400. See on this and Xos, 4 and 7, (iiixiiAi.OGV ok Jescs Chuist.
9. ('Iwff/;0.) Son of Oziel, and father of On, an an- cestor of Judith (Judith viii, 1),
10. A young man of high character, sou of Tobias and nephew of the Jewish high-priest Onias II, whose avarice he rebuked, but prevented its evil consequences
l)y propitiating Ptolemy, and becoming the collector of his taxes. His history is given at considerable length by Josephus (.4?;/. xii, 4, 2-10), including his iminten- tional marriage with his o^ra niece, by whom he had a son named Hyrcanus.
11. ('I(iJ(Tj;(;&oc.) Son of Zacharias, left with Azarias as general of the Jewish troops by Judas Maccabreus, and defeated hy Gorgias, B.C. cir. 164 (1 Mace, v, 8, 56, 60 ; Josephus, Ant. xii, 8, 6).
12. ('[ai(T7j7roc.) In 2 Mace, viii, 22; x, 19, Joseph is named among the brethren of Judas Maccabseus ap- parently in place of John (Ewald, Gesch. iv, 384, note ; Grimm, ad 2 Mace, viii, 22). The confusion of 'lojc'tv- vrfQ, 'I(jo(Tri(p, 'Itoaiig is well seen in the various reailings in Matt, xiii, 55. See Joses.
13. Uncle of Herod the Great, who left him in charge when he went to plead his cause before Antony, with injunctions to put JMariamne to death in case he never returned ; but this order, being disclosed to INIariamne, led to Joseph's death by command of Herod through suspicion of criminal intercourse with Mariamne (Jose- phus, Ant. XV, 5, 6, 9). He had married Salome, Her- od's sister (Wa?; i, 22,4). He seems to be the same elsewhere called Herod's treasurer {rapiae, A nt. xv, 6, 5).
14. Son of Antipater, and brother of Herod the (ireat (Josephus, ll^ar, i, 8, 9), was sent by the latter with a large force to subdue the Idnma?ans (.4?;^ xiv, 15,4), and afterwards left by him in Jerusalem with full pow- ers to act on the defensive against ]Macheras, neglecting which orders he lost his life in an engagement near Jer- icho ( War, i, 17, 1-4). He also had a son named Jo- seph {Ant. xviii, 5,4), who seems to be the one men- tioned as cousin (dve\pi6Q) of Archelaus ( War, ii, 5, 2).
15. Son of Ellemus, a relative of the high-priest Matthias, in whose place he officiated for a single day (apparently that of the annual atonement), in conse- quence of the accidental disqualification of the pontiff (Josephus, A nt. xvii, 6, 4).
16. The foster-father of our Saviour, being " the hus- band of iMary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ" (JIatt. i, 16). By Matthew he is said to have been the son of Jacob, whose lineage is traced by the same writer through David up to Abraham. Luke rep- resents him as being the son of Heli, and traces his ori- gin up to Adam. Luke appears to have had some spe- cific object in view, since he introduces his genealogical line with words of peculiar import: "Jesus being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli" (Luke iii, 23) — wc ivopiZ,tTo, " as was supposed," in other terms, as accounted by law, as enrolled in the family registers ; for Joseph being the husband of ;\Iary, became thereby, in law {vopoQ), the father of Jesus. See GENEAI.OOY of Jesus Chiust. He lived at Naz- areth, in Galilee (Luke ii, 4), and it is probable that his family had been settled there for some time, since Mary lived there too (Luke i, 26, 27).
The statements of Holy Writ in regard to Joseph are few and simple. According to a custom among the Jews, traces of which are still found, such as hand-fast- ing among the Scotch, and betrothing among the Ger- mans, Joseph had pledged his faith to Mary; but before the marriage was consummated she proved to be witli child. Grieved at this, Joseph was disposed to break off the connection ; but, not wishing to make a public example of one whom he loved, he contemplated a pri- vate disruption of their bond. From tliis step, howev- er, he is deterred by a heavenly messenger, who assures him that Mary has conceived mider a divine influence. "And she shall bring forth a son, and thou slialt call his name Jesus ; for he shall save his people from their sins" (Matt, i, 18 sq.; Luke i, 27). It must have been within a very short time of his taking her to his home that the decree went forth from Augustus Csesar which obliged him to leave Nazareth with his wife and go to Betlilehem. He was there with Mary and her'lirst- borii wiien the shepherds came to see the babe in the manger, and he went with them to the Temple to pre-