19. Surnamed Bausabas (q. v.), one of the two per- sons whom tiie primitive Church, immediately after the resurrection of Christ, nominated, praving that the Holy Spirit would show which of them should enter the apos- tolic band in place of the wretched .hi.ias. ()„ the lots being cast, u proved that n..t Joseph, but Matthias, was chosen (Acts i, 23). A.I). 29.
Joseph also bore the honorable surname (^i Justus (q v.), which was not improbably given him on account of !
his well-known probity. He was one of those who had "companied with the apostles all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among them, beginning from the baptism of John," until the ascension (Acts i, 15 sq.). Tradition also accounted him one of the Sev- enty (Eusebius, Hist. Ecdes. i, 12). The same historian relates (iii, 39), on the authority of Papias, that Joseph the Just " drank deadly poison, and by the grace of God sustained no harm." It has been maintained that he is the same as Joses, surnamed Barnabas, mentioned in Acts iv, 36 ; but the manner in which the latter is char- acterized seems to point to a different person (Heinrichs, On Acts, i, 23 ; Ullmann, in the Theolog. Stud. u. Kritik. i, 377 ; Mynster, ibid. 1829, ii, 326).— Kitto. He is also to be distinguished from Judas Barsabas (Acts xv, 22).
20. Son of Camus or Camydus, appointed Jewish high-priest in place of Cantheras by Herod, brother of Agrippa I, who had obtained temporary control over the Temple from Claudius Cassar during the presidency of Longinus and the procuratorship of Fadus, A.D. 46. 8 (Josephus, A nt. xx, 1,3). He was removed by the same authority in favor of Ananias, son of Nebedaeus, during the procuratorship of Tiberius Alexander, A.D, 48 (ib. 5,2).
21. Surnamed Cubi, son of Simon, a former high- priest of the Jews, and himself appointed to that office by Agrippa during the procuratorship of Festus (A.D. 62), but shortly afterwards removed by the same au- thority on the arrival of Albinus (A.D. 62), in favor of Ananus, son of Anaiius (Josephus, Ant, xx, 8, 11 ; 9, 1). See High-priest.
22. Son of a female physician (I'arpi'i/i;), who excited a sedition at Gamala near the close of the Jewish inde- pendence (Josephus, Life, 37).
23. Son of Dalajus, an eminent Jew, who threw him- self into the flames of the Temple rather than surrender to the Komans (Josephus, War, vi, 5, 1).
Joseph, patriarch of Constantinople from A.D. 1416 to 1439, is one of the distinguished characters in the history of the Council of Florence. He was for a long time one of the most radical o]iponents to a un- ion of the Eastern and Western churches, but the cun- ning Romanists at last ensnared the hoary patriarch, and he was induced, at a time when Rome itself was divided, to throw his influence in favor of the politic Eugenius IV, and actually attended the Council of Flor- ence, there and then argued for union, and finally signed articles of agreement to effect this end. No sooner, however, had he assented than deep remorse for his ac- tion, forced upon him mainly by the unfortunate condi- tion of his country, then greatly harassed by the in- vading Turks, brought him to a sick bed, and he died eight days after signing the instrument, June 10, 1439, leaving the Greek emperor, John Palreologus, the only support of the Greek Council. See IMilman's Latin Christiunity, viii, 13 sq. ; Mosheim, Ecdes. Hist, book iii, cent. XV, pt. ii, ch. ii, § 13, 23, note 57. For further de- tails, see the articles Basle, Council of ; Florence, Councils of; Greek Church. (J.H.W.)
Joseph (St.) the Hyjinologist (Josephus hym- 7io(jraphus, a native of Sicily, tied from that island to Africa and then to Greece. He entered a convent at Thessalonica, where he became eminent for his as- cetic practices, and for the fluency and gracefulness of his utterance, "so that he easily," says his biographer, " threw the fabled sirens into the shade." Ha^•ing been ordained presbyter, he went to Constantinople with Gregory of Decapolis, who there became one of the lead- ers of the "orthodox" party in their struggle with the iconoclastic emperor, Leo the Armenian, which began in A.D. 814. From Constantinople Joseph repaired, at the desire of this Gregory, to Pome, to soUcit the sup- port of the pope, but, falling into the hands of pirates, was by them carried away to Crete. Here he remained rill the death of Leo the Armenian (A.D. 820), w-hen he was, as his biographer asserts, miraculously delivered,
JOSEPH BEN-CHIJA
1021
JOSEPH BEN-GORION
and conveyed to Constantinople. On his return he found his friend anil leader Gregory dead, and attached himself to another leader, John, on wliose death he caused his body, together with that of (iregorv, to be transferred to the deserted church of St.Jolni C'hrysos- tom, in connection with which he established a monas- ter)-, that was soon, by the attractiveness of his elo- quence, tilled with inriiates. After this he was, for his strenuous defence of image worship, banished to Cher- souiTB, apparently by the emperor Theophilus, who reign- ed from A.D. 829 to 842 ; but, on the death of the em- peror, was recalled from exile by the empress Theodora, and obtained, through the favor of the patriarch Igna- tius, the office of scenophylax, or keeper of the sacred vessels in the great church of Constantinople. Joseph was equally acceptable to Ignatius and to liis competi- tor and successor Photius. He died at an advanced age in A.D. 883. Joseph is chiefly celebrated as a writer of canones or hj-mni, of which several are extant in MS., but there is some difficidty in distinguishing his com- positions from those of Joseph of Thessalonica. His Canones in omnia Bea/oi Viryiuis Ma 7101 Jest a, and his Theotocia, hymns in honor of the Virgin, scattered through the ecclesiastical books of the Greeks, were published, with a learned commentary and a life of Joseph, translated from the Greek of John the Dea- con, by Hippolito Maracci, under the title of Mariale S. Josephi HymnograjM (Rome, 1(561). The version of the life of Joseph was by Luigi Maracci, of Lucea, the brother of Ippolito. Another Latin version of the same life, but less exact, by the Jesuit Floritus, was published among the Vitm Sandoriim Siculorum of Oc- tavius Cajetanus (Ottavio Gaetano), ii, 43 (Palermo, 1657, folio), and reprinted in tire Acta Sanctorum (see below). Some writers suppose that there was another Joseph, a writer of hymns, mentioned in the title of a IMS. typicon at Rome as of the monastery of St. Nico- laus Casularum (jCov KaaovXwv). See Vita S. Josephi I/t/miwe/rapki, in the Acta Sanctorum, s. d. Ill Aprilis, i, 2()9, etc., with the commentary of Pra'vius of Papele- roche, and Appendix, p. xxiv; Fabricius, Eihl. Grcec. xi, 79; Menolog-iiim Grcecoiitm, jussu Basilii, Imperatoris editum, s. d. Ill Aprilis (Urbino, 1727, folio).— Smith, Diet, (h: and Rom. Biorj. iii, 929.