(2.) His " going to his own place" (Acts i, 25), where the words "iciog tottoq convey to our minds, probably were meant to convey to those who heard them the im- pression of some dark region in Gehenna. Lightfoot and Gill (ad loc.) quote passages from Rabbinical wri- ters who find that meaning in the phrase, even in Gen. xxxi, 55, and Numb, xxiv, 2.5. On the other hand, it should be remembered that many interpreters reject that explanation (compare Meyer, ad loc), and that one great Anglican divine (Hammond, Comment, on N. Test. ad loc.) enters a distinct protest against it. Similarly
JUDAS-LIGHT
10C4
JUDE
Dr. Clarke {Commentary, ad loc.) arf;ues against the whole of our conclusions respecting the violent death of Judas, but his reasoning, as weU as that of the other critics named, is far from satisfactory.
8. Z,j7c/7/^« /•(>.— Special treatises on the character of Judas are the following: Zandt, Comment, de Judapro- diiore (Lips. ITOD) ; IX&u, A nmerh. Ub. d. Character des Judas (Lemgo, 1778) ; Schmidt, Apoloffie d. Judas, in his A'xeyet. Beilr. i, 18 ; ii, 342 ; Lechtlen, Be culpa Judce (Argent. 1813); Dmh, Judas Ischurioth (Heidelb. 1816) ; Schoilmever, Jesus wul Judas (Llineb. 183G) ; Augusti, Theol. Bill, i, 497, 520 -, Ferenczy, De consilio proditionis Jmhe (Utr. 1829); Gerling,Z>e Juda sacrce carm coiwiva (Hal. 1744); Ilebenstreit, Zle Juda Iscar. (Viteb.1712) ; Philipp, Ueb. d. Verrdther Judas fNaumb. 1754) ; Rutz, B. Verrdlherei d. Judas (Haag, 1789) ; Jour. JSac. Lit. Jidy, 1803. On his death, see Casaubon, Exerc. antibar. 16, p. 527; Albert i, (?6««Ta/. p. 222 ; Paulus, CoOT»ien^ iii, 506 ; IJarbatii Dissert, novissima Judas Iscar. fata (Regiom. 1665) ; Gotze, De suspendio Judm (Jen. 1661) ; Riiser, De morle Jud<e (Viteb. 1668) ; Neunhofer, De Juda lajmi extincto (Chemn. 1740), Oldendorp, De Juda in temple occiso (Hannov. 1754). For other monographs, see Vol- beding, Index, p. 32, 54 ; Hase, Leben Jesu, p. 191. See Jesl-s Ciikist.
12. A Jew residing at Damascus in the Straight street at the time of Paul's conversion, to whose house Ananias was sent (Acts ix, 11). A.D. 30. " The 'Straight Street' may with little question be identified with the ' Street of Bazaars,' a long, wide thoroughfare, penetrating from the southern gate into the heart of the city, which, as in all the Syro-Greek and Syro-Roman towns, it intersects in a straight line. The so-called ' House of Judas' is stiU shown in an open space called • the Sheykh's Place,' a few steps out of the ' Street of Bazaars:' it contains a square room with a stone floor, partly walled off for a tomb, shown to jMaundrell {Early Trav. Bohn, p. 494) as the ' tomb of Ananias.' The house Lj an object of religious respect to Jlussidmans as well as Christians (Stanley, Sy?: ami Pal. p. 41 2 ; Conybeare and Howson, i, 102 ^ Pococke, ii, 119)" (Smith). See Damascls.
13. Surnamed Bausabas, a Christian teacher sent from Jerusalem to Autioch along with Paul and Barna- bas (.\cts XV, 22, 27, 32). A.D. 47. He is supposed by some (see Grotius,\V'olf, ad loc.) to have been one of the seventy disciples, and brother of Joseph, also surnamed Barsabas (son of Sabas), who was proposed, with ]Mat- Ihias, to fill up the place of the traitor Judas (Acts i, 23) ; but others (Augusti, Uebers. d. Kathol. Br. ii, 86) identify him with Judas Thaddicus (but see Bertholdt, v, 2GH1). Schott supposes that Barsabas means the son of Saljas, or Zabas, which he fancifully regards as an abridged form for Zebedee, and concludes that the Judas here mentioned was a brother of the elder James and of John. Judas and Silas are mentioned together (in the above de()utation of the Church to determines tlic obli- gation of the Jlosaic law) as " prophets" and " chief men among tlie brethren" at the metropolis, " perhaps a member of tlie Presbytery" (Neander, PI. and Tr. i, 123). After employing their prophetical gifts for the confir- mation of the Syrian Christians in the faith, Judas went back to Jerunalem, while Silas either remained at Anti- och (for the reading Acts xv, 34 is uncertain ; and while some MSS., followed by the Vulgate, add /a'u'oc 'lovca^ ti tTToptiOii, the best omit the verse altogether) or speedily returned thither. See Paui..
14. Son of one Jairus, and leader of a company of ■lews .hiring the final siege of Jerusalem by the Romans, from wliicli he escaped by an underground passage; he was afterwards slain while leading the defence of the castle of JIachaerus against the Roman trot^is (Joscnhus. ll^nr, vii, 6, .5). i \ i .
Judas-Light, or Judas of the Paschal, was
the name ol a wooden imitation of the candle wliidi held the real paschal in the seventh branch standin>^
upright, the rest diverging on either side. See Walcott, Sue. A rchaol. s. v.
Judd, Gaylord, a Methodist Episcopal minister, •was born at Watertown, Conn., Oct. 7, 1784, and con- verted in 1805. He was licensed as a local preacher in 1809, and thus labored faithfidly for twelve years ; en- tered the Genesee Conference in 1821 ; was superannu- ated in 1841 ; and died at Candor, Tioga Co., N. Y., in 1859. He was a sound and evangelical preacher, and " had a good report of all men." Many souls were con- verted by his ministry, and his memory is precious in the Susquehanna Valley, the principal field of his labors, — Minutes of Conferences, 1859, vii, 162.