Judd, Sylvester, a Unitarian minister of some note, was born in Westhampton, Mass., July 23, 1813, and was educated at Yale College. He was of Ortho- dox parentage, but shortly after the completion of his collegiate studies he changed his religious opinions, and went to Cambridge Divinity School to prepare for min- isterial duties in the Unitarian Church. He was called to Augusta, Maine, and there spent his life. He died in 1853, '• at the very beginning of a course of high use- fulness, of a life which seemed essential to the Clmrch." Judd wrote several books having a moral end in view, and as a literaiy character enjoyed a good reputation for ability. See Life and Character of the Rev. S. Judd (Bost. 1854), p. 531 ; Christian Examiner, 1855, p. 63 sq.
Judd, Willard, a Baptist minister, was bom in Southing-ton, Conn., Feb. 23, 1804. After teaching for a short time, he settled in Canaan, N. Y'., and was licensed to preach in 1826. He then removed to Herkimer Co., and preached alternatelj' in Salisbury and (3ppenheim until Aug. 23, 1828, when he united with the Church in Salisbury. He continued his labors here witli great success until 1835, when his health compelled him to abandon the ministry. In 1839 he accepted an appoint- ment as classical teacher in Middlebury Academy, at Wyoming, which situation he held until his death in Feb. 1840. IMr. Judd published A Review of Professor Stuart's Woik on Baptism (1836, and later revised and enlarged). A collection of several of his miscellaneous papers, with a brief Memoir of his life, was published after his death. — Sprague, A nnals, vi, 750.
Jude, or, rather, Judas {^lovCac, i. q. Jltdah; see Juda). There were two of this name among the twelve apostles — Judas, called also LEBB-i-as and Thadd^bus (Matt. X, 4; Mark iii, 18), and Judas Iscariot. Judas is likewise the name of one of our Lord's brethren (Matt, xiii, 55 ■, Mark vi, 3), but it is not agreed whether our Lord's brother is the same v/ith the apostle of this name. Luke (Gospel, vi, 16; Acts i, 13) calls him 'lovSag 'I«- Kiu/iou, which in the English Auth.Vers. is translated '• Judas, the brother of James." This is defended by Winer {Gramm. of N.-T. Diet.), Arnaud {Recher. Crit. sur VEp. de Jude'), and accepted by Burton, Alford, Tre- gelles, Michaelis, etc. The ellipsis, however, between 'lovSac and 'IciKwfSov is supplied by the old Syriac translator (who was unacquainted with the Epistle of Jude, the writer of which calls himself 'loiifnt' (u(\(pdc 'laKwjiov, Jude, verse 1), with the word son, and not brother. Among our Lord's brethren are named (along with Judas) James and Joses (Matt, xiii, 55; Mark vi, 3). If, with Helvidius among the ancients (see Jerome, Contra Ilelridium), and Kuiniil, Neander, and a fev/ other modern commentators, we were to consider our Lord's bretliren to be children of Joseph and the Virgin Mary, we should be under the necessity of supposing that there was a James, a Joses, and a Judas Avho were uterine brothers of our Lord, together with the apostles James and Judas, who were children of Mar\', the sister or cousin of the Virgin (see Pearson, On the Creed, art. iv). Otherwise it remains for us to choose the opinion that our Lord's brethren were children of Joseph by a former wife (l-lscha or Salome, according to an apocry- phal tradition), which was the sentiment of the major- ity of the fathers (still received in the Oriental Church),
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or the opinion adopted in the Western Church, and first broached by Jerome (Cont. Ilelrid.), that the brethren of our Lord were his cousins, as being children of Mary, the wife of Cleophas, who must therefore be considered as the same with Alphajus. If we consider James, the brother of our Lord, to be a different person from James, the son of Alphasus, and not one of the Twelve, Jude, the brother of James, must consequently be placed in the same category ; but if they are one and the same, Jude must be considered as the person who is numbered with our Lord's apostles. The most plausible solution of the whole difficulty is by means of the following hy- potheses: Alphffius, otherwise called Clopas, was the brother of Joseph, the reputed father of Christ, and married Jlary (not necessarily a blood-relative of the Virgin) ; dying without issue, he left his wife, thence- forth designated as Marj', the wife (i. e. widow) of Clo- pas, to his brother Joseph, who hafl by her several chil- dren, namely, James, Judas, Simon, and Joses (and per- haps otliors, including sisters), the eldest of whom (James) was especially designated as the son of Alphaj- us, as being his heir (Deut. xxv, 5). The first two of these (being probably older than Jesus) were the James and Judas, or Jude, mentioned among the apostles, as also the authors of the epistles bearing their respective names, being half-brothers of Christ, as the reputed son of the common parent Joseph. See Alpheus ; J.uies ; Joseph; MAitv.
We are not informed as to the time of the vocation of the apostle Jude to that dignity. Indeed, the only circumstance relating to him which is recorded in the Gospels consists in the question put by him to our Lord (John xiv, 22): "Judas saith unto him (not Iscariot), Lord, how is it that thou wilt manifest thyself to us, and not unto the world?" Nor have we any account given of his proceedings after our Lord's resurrection, I'or the traditionary notices which have been preserved of him rest on no very certain foundation (Lardner's History of the Apostles). There may be some truth in the tr.adi- •tion which connects him with the foundation of the church at Edessa; though here again there is much confusion, and doubt is thrown over the account by its connection with the worthless fiction of " Abgarus, king of Edessa" (Eusebius, Hist. Ecd. i, 13 ; Jerome, Comm. in Matt, x), Nicephorus {Hist, Ecd. ii, 40) makes Jude die a natural death in that city after preaching in Pal- estine, SjTia, and Arabia. The Syrian tradition speaks of his abode at Edessa, but adds that he went thence to Assyria, and was martyred in Phcenicia on his return; while that of the West makes Persia the field of his la- bors and the scene of h'is martyrdom. Jude the apostle is commemorated in the Western Church, together with the apostle Simon (the name, also, of one of our Lord's brethren), on the 8th of October. Eusebius gi^-t-s us an interesting tradition of Hegesippus {Hist. Ecd. iii, 20, 32) that two grandsons of Jude, " who, according to the flesh, was called the Lord's brother" (comp. 1 Cor. ix, 5), were seized and carried to Rome by order of Domitian, whose apprehensions had been excited by what he had heard of the mighty power of the kingdom^f Christ; but that the emperor having discovered by their an- swers to his inquiries, and the appearance of their hands, that they were poor men, supporting themselves by their labor, and havingJearned the spiritual nature of Christ's kingdom, dismissed them in contempt, and ceased from his persecution of the Church, whereupon they returned to Palestine, and took a leading place in the churches, "as being at the same time confessors and of the Lord's family" (w(,' av ci) itaprvpac o/foii Kai cnro yfvioQ ov- rag tov Kvpiov), and lived till the time of Trajan. Nicephorns (i, 23) tells us that Jude's wife was named Mary. — Kitto; Smith. For further discussion, see Ber- tholdt, EiiiLv, 2679; vi, 31, 79; Perionii Vitce Apostol. p. 166 ; Assemani, Biblioth. Orient. Ill, ii, 13 ; i, 302, 611 ; Bayer, Hist. Osrhcen. et Edesseiu p. 104 ; Credner, Einl. i, 611 ; De Wette, Einl. ins X. T. p. 340 ; Harenberg, in Miscell. Lips. nov. iii, 373 ; Michaelis, Einl. ii, 1489 ; and