other significations.
Doubtless his papers would have afforded a clear view of the state of his soul, but, according to his friends, to- wards the close of his Ufe he destroyed aU documents relating to this subject. He died Dec. 17, 1824. His other rehgious works are: Sammlung wahrer und er- u-ecklicher Geschichten aus deni Reiche Christi und fur dasselhe (1815-17, 2 vols. ; 1822, 3 vols.) -.—Leben, und aus dem Leben merkwiirdifjer und erweckter Christen (181G- 17, 2 vols.) : — Fortsetzum/ (1824) : — Romane aus der Christenwelt aller Zeiten (1817) : — Christus iin A.T., or Unte7-suchungen iiberdie Vorbilder undmessianischenStel- len (1818, 2 vols. 8vo) •.—Bihlische Untersuchun/;en oder Auslegungm mit und ohm Polemih (1819-20, 2 vols. 8vo). He edited also the follow- ing: Auserlesene christliche Lieder (Erlang. 1818) : — Weissagungen v. Verheissungen der Kirche Christi avf die letzten Zeiten der Ileiden, — Katholische Real - Enctjklop. v, 1036.
Kanon is one of the names by which the official list or register of tlie Church is known. It is also frequently spoken of as KaraXoyoQ 'itgaTiKoc, list of the priesthood, and lence spiritual persons were denom- inated KavoviKoi, canonici, and ol Tov Kavui'ot;, men of the c««o», be- cause their names were entered in the list. The word kuviov had also The assent of the catechumens to a summary of the leading articles of the Christian faith was required, and this creed was variously designated ; sometimes Kavwv, the rule, sometimes TriariQ, the faith, and sijmbolum, a badge or token (see Kiddie, Christian Antiquities, s. v.). See Canon,
Kanoiise, Peter, a Presbyterian minister, was bom in Boonton, N. J., August 20, 1784, of German descent; was educated for the ministry under Drs. Armstrong and Kichards, and was licensed and ordained in 1822. H(j successively preached at Suckasunna, N. J. ; Ne^vark, N. J. ; Wantage, N. J. ; Newark, N. J. ; Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; again at Wantage, N. J., and then as a home mis- sionary in Dane Co., Wisconsin. He died May 30, 1864. " He was an able and impressive preacher of the Gos- pel. . . . bearing the ' fruits of the Spirit,' and instru- mental in the conversion of many souls." — AVilson, Prc?- bijterian Hist. A Imanac, 1866, p. 216.
Kansa, in Hindu mytholog}^, is the name of a king of the race of Bhoja — considered also a daemon (Kiila- nemi) in human shape, and notorious for his enmity to- wards the god Krishna [see Vishnu], by whom he was ultimately slain.
Kant, Imjianuel, designated bj' De Maistre " the philosopher of nebulous memory," acquired enduring re- nown as the author of the Critical Philosophy., as the father of the recent German or transcendental specula- tion, and as the most acute and profound metaphysician of the closing 18th century. The importance of his philosophical career is evinced by his furnishing the link of connection between the schools of Leibnitz, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, and those of Hegel, Scliel- liiig, and Comtc. He closes one great and brilliant era of metaph}'sical inquiry ; he commences another with singular fulness of knowledge, breadth of comprehen- sion, perspicacity of discernment, and logical subtlety and precision. He exposed inveterate errors of proced- ure ; he improved, sharpened, and refined the methods of investigation ; he surveyed and plotted out the boun- daries of metaphysical research ; and he rendered more distinct and precise the nature of the inquiry, the sub- ject with v.liich it is concerned, and the instruments at our command for its investigation. These are inestima- ble services, the benefits of which are experienced even in the midst of the errors that have sprung from the svstem bv which thev were rendered.
KANT
12
KANT
Life. — Kant was born at Kiinigsberg April 22, 1724, and spent his whole lite there or in its immediate neigh- borhood, never having journeyed more than forty miles from his native place. He ended his tranquil life in the city of his birth, February 12, 1804. He was of Scotch origin. His father, John George Cant, removed from Tilsit, where his immigrant grandfather first set- tled, to Ktinigsberg, and followed the saddler's trade with little worldly success. His pinched fortunes were enno- bled by stern and unostentatious integrity. All accounts commemorate the high character, intelligence, and au- stere piety of Anna Kegina Keuter, the philosopher's mother — virtues affectionately attested by her illustrious son, who ascribes all that was best in himself to her ex- ample and instructions, and to the purifying influences of his childhood's home. He lost his mother when he was eleven years of age, his father in his twenty-second year (174G). They lived long enough to transmit to him the memory of their virtuous example — 'twas all they had to bequeath. After receiving the first rudi- ments of education at the charitable schools of the city, he was sent to the Frederick College in 1734, at the ex- pense of his uncle, a substantial shoemaker. Here he remained for seven years under the care of Dr. Schiiltz, an eminent adherent of Wolf, at the time when the AVollian philosophy was a subject of acrimonious contro- versy. He devoted himself chiefly to the classics and mathematics, the essential foundation of all thorough instruction, and had Rulmken for his fellow -student. From the Collef/ium Fredericiumnn he passed in 1740 to the University of Kiinigsberg, and entered upon a course of theology; but his ill success in preaching discouraged him, and he attached himself to the matliematical and physical sciences, in the former of which his first dis- tinction was gained. During the latter period of his university career he supported himself by teaching in the humblest grades, in consequence of the increasing penury of his father, whose death in 1746 compelled him to withdraw from the university, and to seek a living from his own exertions alone. For the nine following years he was employed as a private teacher in or near Kijnigsbcrg, and flnally in the noljle family of Kayscr- ling, by Avhom his merits were appi'eciated, and in whose society he acquired that polish of manner which distin- guished him through life. lie changed his family name of Cant to the more Germanic appellative Kant, but he did not thus divest himself of the Scotch characteristics of mind and morals. In the second year of his engage- ment in private tuition he published his first work, Gedcmken von dcr walrren Scliatziiiir/ de?' lehendujcn Krlifle {Thour/hts on the true Measure of Living Forces, 1747), which was esteemed a valuable contribution to the fa- mous controversy on the subject. In 1754 he discussed the question proposed for a prize by the Berlin Acade- my, Whether the Earth had undergone a>i;j change conse- quent upon its 7-evolution upon its Axis. This essay fa- cilitated his acquisition of the master's degree in the next year. At this time he returned to the universitj- as prirat-doceut, and maintained an uninterrupted con- nection with it thenceforth till the closing years of his life He inaugurated his lectures by the composition of two theses : the first, Be Igni ; the second, IHssertatio de Prina'piis Primis Cognitiouis Ifumancr, which was the first manifestation of the direction of his mind to meta- physical inquiry, and also showed that he had fixed on the central point of all philosoi)hy. While employed in private teaching he had diligently prosecuted his ency- clopxdical stucUes, and had acquired the English lan- guage by his own exertions, in order to master the spec- ulations of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. Another kin- dred treatise belongs to this year — Priiicipioriiiu Primo- rum Cognitionis Metaphysical Nova. Dducidatio, as also liis Allgemeine Naturgeschiehte nnd Theorie des Ilimimls (^Univeisal Natural History and Theory of the, Hea'r- eni). The last work was issued anonymously, with a dedication to Frederick tlie (ireat. It is remarkable for its bold views, and for aimouncing the probable resolu-