Kippah. See Palji.
KIPPIS
104
kirch:meier
Kippis, Andrew, D.D., F.R.S., F.A.S., an eminent EnsliJ^h Unitarian divine, was born at Nottingham in 1725. He studied nnder Dr. Doddridj^e at Northamp- ton, and in 174(3 became minister of a congregation at Boston, Lincohishire. In 1750 he removed to Dor- king, and in 1753 became the pastor of a Presbyterian congregation of Unitarian tendency at Prince's Street, Westminster, witli which society he continued connect- ed till his death, which occurred in 1795. The duties arising out of this connection, however, did not preclude Dr. Kippis from seeking other means of pul)lic useful- ness. In 17G3 he became a tutor in an academy for the education of dissenting ministers in London, on a plan similar to that on which the academy at Northampton had been conducted. He was also one of the principal contributors to the Monthly Revieiv and the Genikman's Mof/dziiie at a time when these ^vere considered the leaciing periodicals of England. There are several pam- phlets of his on the claims of the dissenters, and on other topics of temporary interest; but the work with which his name is most honorably connected is the republica- tion of tVieBioffrap/iia Britamnca,^\^^t\\ a large addition of new lives, and a more extended account of many per- sons whose lives are in the former edition of that work. The design was too vast to be accomplished by any one person, however well assisted. Five large folio volumes were printed of the work (1778), and yet it had proceed- ed no further than to the name of Fastolf. Part of a sixth volume, it is understood, was printed, but it has not been given to the world. Many of the new lives were written by Dr. Kippis himself, and particularly that of captain Cook, which was printed in a separate form also. Dr. Kippis's was a literary life of great industry. He was the editor of the collected edition of the works of Dr. Nathaniel Lardner (q. v.), with a life of that emi- nent theological scholar. He published also the ethical and thetilogical lectures of his tutor, Dr. Doddridge, with a large collection of references to authors on the various topics to which they relate. His other works of inter- est are. Sermon on Luke ii, 25 (Lond. 1780, 8vo) : — Sei- mon on Psalm ctIvv, 15 (London, 1788, 8vo) : — .1 Vindi- cation oj' Protestant Dissenting Ministers (1773). See Kees, Funeral Serm. ; Gent. Maf/. vols. Ixv, Ixvi, Ixxiv ; Darling, Encyclopedia Biblior/. s. v.; English Cyclopcedia, s. V.
Kippod. See Bitterx,
Kippoz. See Owl.
Kir (Ileb. id., "i"^]?, a icall or fortress, as often ; Sept. always as an appellative, rtixoQ, ttuXiq, /3Jvpor, etc., but v. r. Xappc'iv, Kvpjji'i), etc.), a people and country subject to the AssvTian empire, mentioned in connection with IClam (Isa. xxii, G), to which the conquered Da- mascenes were transplanted (2 Kings xvi, 9 ; ^Vmos i, 5), and whence the Araraajans in the east of Syria at some time or other migrated (Amos ix, 7). This is supposed by major Renncl to be the same country which still Ijears the name of A'(?/-distan or A'oonlistan {Geoyr. of Jferodot. p. 391). There are, however, objections to this view ^vhich do not apply so strongl}' to the notion of KoscnmiiUer and others, that it was a tract on the river (_'//riis (Pliny, Ilist. Xat. vi, 10 ; Ptolemy, v, 12) (Kf()oc and Kvppor, in Zend Koro), which rises in the moun- tains between the Euxine and Caspian Seas, and runs into the latter after being joined by the Araxes (Biisch- ing, Mar/az. x, 420; compare ^lichaelis, Spicil. ii, 121; SujipL 2191 ; Gesenius, Thesaurus, p. 1210) ; still called Ktir (Bonomi, Xireveh, p. 47, 71). ^/'j/j-jistan. or Grusia ((irusiana), commonly called (Jeorgia, seems also to have derived its name from this river Kiir, which flows through it. Others compare Curena or Curna of Ptol- emy (Koi'pijra or KoTprn, vi, 2, 10, Chald. '^3-"!p), a city in the south of !Media, on th» river ]Mardug (Bochart, Phahfj, iv, 32) ; Yitringa the city Carine, also in ISIedia {Kapivt), Ptolemy, vi, 2, 15), now called Kerend (Bitter, ErdL ix, 391). Some region in Media is perhaps most si^^able from the fact that iVrmenia, whose northern
l)oundarics are washed by the river Cjtus, was probably nut a ])art of Assyria at the time referred to (see Kno- bd, Projihet. ii, 108), Kcil {Comment, on Kings, ad loci thinks the Medes must be meant, erroneously imagining that the inhabitants of Kir are spoken of in Isaiah as good bowmen. The Sept. (Vat. JIS. at 2 Kings), the Vulg., and Chald. (at 2 Kings and Amos), and Symma- chus (at Amos ix), render Cyrene!
For Kir ofMoab (Isa. xv, 1), see Kiii-^Mo.vn.
Kiratarjuniya, one of the most celebrated poems of Sanscrit literature, the production of Bharavi, depicts the contlict of Arjuna with the god Siva in his disguise of a kirata, or momitaineer.
Kirchentag. See Church Diet.
Kircher, Athanasius, an eminent German Jes- uit, and quite prominent as a phiIoso])her, was born near Fidda, Germany, in 1001. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1018, and taught mathematics and metaphys- ics in the college at Wurzbiirg. During the inroads of the Swedes he fled before the Protestant powers, and, after a short stay in France, went to Pome, and became a professor at the Propaganda. He died in 1(380. His writings, which extend over the different departments of the natural sciences, philosophy, philology, history, and archteolog\', evince great talent, but are often fan- ciful in their theories. His principal works of interest to us are, Qildipiis yEgyptiacus, etc. (Roma?, 1G52, etc., 4 vols, fol.) : — Mundus snhterranens, in xii libros digestiis, etc. (Amsterdam, 1G65, fol.) : — Ai-ca No'e, in tres libros digesta, etc. (Amst. 1G75) : — Liber pihilologicus de sono artificioso, sive vmsica, etc. (in Ugolino's Thesaurus, xxxii, 353) : — Liber diacriticus de Musnrgia, aniiquo- moderna (Ugolino, xxxii, 417): — China, monumentis, qua sacris, qua p)rofanis, illustrata (Amst. 1667, fol.) : — Turris Babel, sive Ai-chontologia, etc. (Amst. 1679, fol.): etc. See his Autobiography and Letters (Augsb. 1684) ; "Wetzer und Welte, Kirchen-Lex. vol. vi, s. v. ; Darling, Encyclop. Bibliog. s. v. (J. H. W.)