Kinkead, James, a Presbyterian minister, was bom in St. Louis Count}', Mo., July G, 1807, licensed to preach in 1833, and ordained in 1840. llis ministerial life was passed entirely in St, Francois and Washington counties, JIo. During the civil war he took every opportunity to favor the Union cause, and thus became obnoxious to the rebels, by whom he was taken from his bed and cru- elly murdered on the night of Sept. 26, 1863. Destitute of thorough educational training, he yet excelled in quickness of perception, power of reasoning, and good judgment. Not sectarian in views of doctrine and Church government, he was always tenaciously firm in the support of truth, and watchful against sophistry. — Presh. Hist. A Imanac, 1865. (H. C. W.)
Kinnersley, Ebexezer, a Baptist minister, and an eminent scientist, was born in Gloucester, England, in 1711. In 1714 he was brought to America. His early life was spent in Lower Dublin, near Philadelphia, where he pursued his studies under the supervision of his fa- ther. He was ordained for the ministry in 1743. In 1746 his attention was directed to scientific pursuits and discoveries. Afterwards he became associated with Dr. Franklin in some of his most splendid discoveries, and delivered scientific lectures in Philade'phia, New York, Boston, and Newport. In 1753 he was chosen chief master of the English school in connection with the academy at Philadelphia, and in 1755 was imanimously elected professor of the English language and of oratory in the college. Succossfid in this department, he was honored, in 1757, by the trustees with the degree of master of arts, and in 1768 was chosen a member of the American Philosophical Society, which was then com- posed of the most learned and scientific men in the city. In 1772 he resigned the professorship, and visited the island of Barbadoes on account of his failing health. He afterwards returned to America, and died July 4, 1778. IMr. Kinnersley was of dignified personal appear- ance, and cnTinent as a teacher of iniblic speaking. He acquired his chief renown not in the ministry, but in his scientific pursuits and experiments. — See Sprague, A n- nals A mer. Pulj'it, vi, 45. (J. L. S.)
Kiunim. See Lice; Taljiud.
Kinsman. Of the four Hebrew words thus trans- lated in the A. V., three, TX"^ (Numb, xxvii, 11 ; " kins- woman," Lev. xviii, 12, 13 ; elsewhere " kin," etc. ; and so mXT^, ''kinswomen," Lev. xviii, 17), J."112 (literally ac- quaintance, Ruth ii, 1), and anp (Psa. xxxviii, 12 [ 11] ; Job xix, 14, A.V. " kinsfolk," literally near, as often), indi- cate simple relationship. The remaining one, PXh, along
KINSMAN
103
KIPPAH
with that, implies certain obligations arising out of that relationship. The term bxj, goW, is derived bj-^ the lexicographers from the verb bX5, to redeem. That the two are closely connected is certain, but whether the meaning of the verb is derived from that of the noun, or the converse, may be made matter of question. The comparison of the cognate dialects leads to the conclu- sion that the primary idea lying at the basis of both is that of coming to the help or rescue of one, hence giving protection, reckoning, avenging. In this case the ?XJ of the O. T. would, in fundamental concept, answer pretty nearly to the irapaKXijToq or paraclete of the N. T. The goi'l among the Hebrews was the nearest male blood relation alive. To him, as such, three rights specially belonged, and on him corresponding duties devolved to- wards his next of kin. See Kindked.
1. When an Israelite through poverty sold his inher- itance and was unable to redeem it, it devolved upon one of his kin to purchase it (Lev. xxv, 25-28 ; Ruth iii ; iv). So also, when an Israelite had through proverty sold himself into slavery, it devolved upon the next of kin, as his goel, to ransom him in the jubilee year (Lev. xxv, 47 sq.). See Jubilek, Yeau of. In allusion to this, God is frequently represented as the goel of his people, both as he redeems them from temporal bondage (Exod. vi, 6; Isa. xliii, 1 ; xlviii, 20; Jer. 1, 34, etc.) and from the bondage of sin and evil (Isa. xli, 14; xliv, G, 22 ; xlix, 7; Psa. ciii,4; Job xix, 25, etc.). In some of these passages there is an obvious Jlessianic reference, to which the fact that our redemption from sin has been effected by one who has become near of kin to us by as- suming our nature gives special force (comp.Heb. ii, 14). See Redeemer.
2. When an Israelite who had wronged any one sought to make restitution, but found that the party he had wronged was dead without leaving a son, it fell to the next of kin of the injured partj', as his goel, to represent him and receive the reparation (Numb, v, G sq.). The law provided that in case of his having no one suffi- ciently near of kin to act for him in this way, the prop- erty restored should go to the priest, as representing Je- hovah, the King of Israel — a provision which the Jews say indicates that the law has reference to strangers, as " no Israelite could be without a redeemer, for if any one of his tribe was left he would be his heir" (Maimon. in Babcc Kama, ix, 11). See Goel.