the word "clergy" and " laity" varies with the "Church" views of those employing them. Some very strict Prot- estants prefer the words "mmister" and "people" in- stead of clergy and laity.
Farrar (in his Eccles. Diet, p. 349 sq.) thus draws the line of distinction between the clergy and laity of the Protestant Church : " It is for the sake of the people that the ordinances of religion, and the clergy as the dispensers of them, exist ; they are called to bear the burdens of the Church, as they receive its benefits. It is, however, questioned by some how far the professional distinctions between clergy and laity are desirable. As religious teachers, the clergy may be expected to be more especially occupied in fitting themselves for that ofHce in qualifying themselves to explain, and to en- force on others, the evidences, the doctrines, and the obligations ; but they are not to be expected to under- stand more of things surpassing human reason than God has made known by revelation, or to be the depositories of certain mysterious speculative doctrines; but '■sttiv- ards of the mysteries of God,' rightly dividing (or dis- pensing, opSioTOjioin'TEc) the word of the truth. The la- ity are in danger of perverting Christianity, and making it, in fact, two religions, one for the initiated fe;v, and one for the mass of the people, who are to follow implicitly the guidance of the others, trusting to their vicarious wisdom, and piety, and learning. They are to lioware of the lurking tendency which is in the hearts of all men to that very error which has been openly sanction- ed and estal)lished in the Romish and Greek churches — the error of thinking to serve God by a deputy and rep- resentative; of regarding the learning and faith, the prayers and piety, and the scrupidous sanctity of the ' priest' as being in some way or other transferred from him to the people. The laity are also to be constantly warned that the source of these errors lies in the very fact of thus regarding the clergyman as a priest (in the sacerdotal sense of that term), as holding a kind of me- diatorial position, one which makes him something dis- tinct from, and therefore no rule for themselves ; a view whicli, while it unduly exalts the clergy, tends most mischievously to degrade the tone of religion and mor- als among the people, by making them contented with a less measure of strictness of life and seriousness of de- meanor than they require in their ministers. Laymen need also to be reminded that they constitute, though not exclusively, yet principally, 'the Church;' the cler- gy being the 7ninisfers of ' the Church' (1 Cor. iii, 5) ; that it is for the people's sakes that the ordinances of religion, and the clergy, as dispensers of the same, ex- ist; that they are the 'body of Christ;' that on them rests the duty of bearing the burdens, as they receive the benefits of the Church; and, finally, that there is no difference between tliem and the clergy in Church standing, except that the clergy are the officers of each particular church, to minister tlie Word and sacraments to that portion of its members over whom they are placed." See Clergy; Lay Representation; Lay' Preaching; Mediator; Ministry; Pastoral Of- fice; Priest. (J. H.W.)
Lake (Xlj-ivi], a pool), a term used in the N. T. only of the Lake of Gennesareth(Luke v, 1,2; viii, 22, 23, 33), and of the burning sulijhurous pool of Hades (Rev. xix, 20 ; XX, 10, 14, 15; xxi, 8). The more usual word is sea (q. v.). The principal lakes of Palestine, besides the above Sea of Tiberias, are the Dead Sea and the Wa- ters of Morom. See each in its place.
Lake, Arthur, a distinguished English prelate, was born at Southampton about 1550, and was educated at Winchester School, and at New College, Oxford, of which latter he was chosen fellow in 1589. He became suc- cessively archdeacon of Surrey in 1605, dean of AVorces- ter in 1608, and finally bishop of Bath and AA'ells in 1616. He died l\Iay 4, 1626. Lake made important donations to the library of New College, an<l founded a chair for Hebrew and for mathematics in that institution. He was a very learned man, especially versed in the ancient
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fathers, and very successful as a preacher. After his death there vere pubUshetl several volumes of his ser- mons: Expoaition It f the First Psalm ; Exposition of the J'i/'l //-first J'siiliii ; and Meditations — all of which were collected and published in one volume, under the title I\'inety-nine iSermons, with some Religious and Divine Meditations (Lond. 1629, fol.) r — Theses de Sahhato (at the end of Twisse on the Sabbath) : — On Love to 6'o(/ (Tracts of Angl. Fathers, 4, 39). See \^' oot\, Athence Oxonienses ; Chalmers, General Biogr. Dictionary ; Walton, Life of Dp. Sanderson ; Hook, Ecclesiastical Biograj)]ig, vi, 509 : Darling, Cyclopcedia Dibliograjihica, ii, 1755 ; Allibone, Diet. Engl, and A mer. A uthors, ii, 1048.
Lake, John, D.D., a noted English prelate, flour- ished in the second half of the 17th century. He was bishop of Sodor and Man in 1G8-2; was transferred to Eristol in 1G84, and in 1685 to Chichester. In 1689 he was ejected for nonconfonnity. He died about the close of the 1 7th century. Lake published only a few sermons (1670, 4to; 1671, 4to, etc.). See Defence of B2\ Lake's Profession, etc. (1690, 4to). — AUibone, Diet. English and American A uthors, ii, 1048.