LEOPOLD IV
371
LEPROSY
he saw him forced to resign his charge. (For further de- tails of tliis curious controversy, see Potter, \'ie de Scipion de Rkei [Brussels, l^'io, 3 vols. 8vo].) Leopold liimself convoked a council at Florence of the bishops of Tus- cany in 1787, and proposed to them tifty-seven articles concerning the reform of ecclesiastical discipline. He enforced residence of incumbents, and forbade plurali- ties; suppressed many convents, and distributed their revenues among the poor benefices — thus favoring the parochial clerg}% and extending their jurisdiction, as he had supjiorted and extended the jurisdiction of the bishops. He forbade the publication of the bidls and censures of liome without the approbation of the gov- ernment ; he enjoined the ecclesiastical courts not to in- terfere with laymen in temporal matters, and restrain- ed their jurisdiction to spiritual affairs only; and he subjected clergymen to the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts in all criminal cases. All these were considered in that age as very bold innovations for a Roman Cath- olic prince to undertake. See Ricci.
Leopold IV, margrave of Austria, son of Leopold III, was born Sept. 29, 1073. He was educated by the priest Udalrich, under the direction of Altmann, bishop of Passau, and succeeded his father in 1096. His chief object during his whole reign was to promote the hap- piness of his subjects. He avoided war, and husbanded the resources of his countrj- with great care. He was about to accompany the emperor, Henry IV, in a cru- sade to Jerusalem, when the insuiTection of the emper- or's son, Henry V, obliged him to change his plans. At first he went to assist the emperor (in 1105), but some- what later he was influenced by his brother-in-law, Borzywoy H, duke of Bohemia, and the promises of Henry V, to join the latter, to whose sister Agnes, wid- ow of Frederick of Suabia, he was married in HOG. The remainder of his reign passed in peace and prosperity, although occasionally (especially in 1118) he was sub- jected to annoyances by the inroads of the Hungarians. In 11 "25, after the death of Henry V, he was spoken of for emperor, but declined in favor of Lothaire, duke of Saxony. Leopold died Nov. 15, 1130, and was canonized by pope Innocent YIH in 1485. He founded a large number of convents, among which are those of Neuburg, of ]\Iariazell, and of the H0I3' Cross, and built a number of churches. See A. Klein, Gesch. des Christenthums in Oesterrcich (Vienna, 1840), vol. i and ii ; Leopold d. I/ei- liffe (Vien. 1835) ; L. Lang, B. hi. Leopold (Kcullingen, 1836); Fez, Vita sancti Leojyoldi ; same, Sc7i2)fores Re- rum A iistriacarvm, i, 575 ; Poltzraann, Compendium vi- im S. Leopoldi ; Jaffe, Gesch. des deutschen Reiches unter Lothar dem Sachsen (Berlin, 1843) ; and his Geschichte d. deutsch. Reiches v. Konrad III (Han. 1845) ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. viii, 332 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, XXX, 797.
Leper (some form of '.i'^'i, to smite with a providen- tial infliction ; XtTrpMS). See Lepkosv.
Leporius, a monastic who flourished in the second half of the 4th and the early part of the 5th century, a native of (iaul, embraced asceticism under the auspices of Cassianus about the opening of the 5th centurj', at Marseilles, where he enjoyed a high reputation for pu- rity and holiness. Advancing the view that man did not stand in need of divine grace, and that Christ was born with a human nature only, he was excommunica- ted in consequence of these heretical doctrines. He be- took himself to Africa, and there became familiar with Aurelius and St. Augustine, by whose instructions he profited so much that he not only became convinced of his errors, but drew up a solemn recantation addressed to Proculus, bishop of Marseilles, and Cyllinnius, the bishop of Aix (see below as to the title and value of this treatise), while four African prelates bore witness to the sincerity of his conversion, and made intercession on his behalf. Although now reinstated in his ecclesiastical privileges, Leporius does not seem to have returned to his native co.untry, but, laying aside the profession of a
monk, was ordained a presbyter by St. Augustine, A.D. 425, and appears to be the same Leporius so v.armly praised in the discourse l)e Vita et Mvribus Clei-iconim. We know nothing further regarding his career except that he was still alive in 430 (Cassianus, De Incurn. i, 4). The treatise above alluded to is still extant, under the title Libellus emendationis sire satitfuctionis ad Episcopos Gallicr, sometimes with the addition Conjes- sionem Fidei CatholictB continens de Mysterio Incnrna- tionis Christi, cum Lrroris liristini Detestatione. It was held in very high estimation among ancient divines, and its author was regarded as one of tl>e firmest bul- warks of orthodoxy against the attacks of the Nesto- rians. Some scholars in modern times, especiallj' Ques- nel, who has written an elaborate dissertation on the subject, have imagined that we ought to regard this as a tract composed and dictated by St. Augustine, found- ing their opinion partly on the style, and partly on the terms in which it is quoted in the acts of the second Council of Chalcedon and earlj' documents, and partly on certain expressions in an epistle of Leo the (Jreat (clxv, edit. Quesnel) ; but their arguments are far from being conclusive, and the hypothesis is generally reject- ed. Fragments of the Libellus were first collected by Sismondi from Cassianus, and inserted in his collection of Gaidish councils (i, 52). The entire work was soon discovered and published by the same editor in his Opuscula Dogmalica Vetei'wn quinque Scriptomm (Par. 1630, 8vo), together with the letter of the African bish- ops in favor of Leporius. It will be found also in the collection of councils by Labbe (Paris, 1671, folio) ; in Garnier's edition oi Marius Mercator (Paris, 1673, fol.), i, 224; in the Bihliotheca Patriim Max. (Lugd. 1677), vii, 14 ; and in the Bihliotheca Patrimi of Galland (Ven. 1773). ix, 396. Consult the dissertation of Quesnel in his edition of the works of Leo, ii, 906 (ed. Paris) ; His- toire Litteraire de la France, ii, 167; the second disser- tation of Garnier, his edition of M. Mercator, i, 230 ; the Prolegomena of Galland ; Schonemann, Bihliotheca Patr. Latt. ii, § 20. — Smith, Dz'rf. Greek and Roman Biography, vol, ii, s. V.