(2. ) The second case is of leprosy reappearing after it has been cured (Lev. xiii, 0-17), where a somewhat dif- ferent treatment is enjoined. If a person who has once been healed of this disease is brought again to the priest, .mid if tlie latter finds a white rising in the skin (rX'iJ ni^P ), which has changed the liair into white and con- tains live flesh ("^n "1C3), he is forthwith to recognise tlierein the reappearance of the old malady, and declare the patient unclean without' any qiiarantiue whatever, since the case is so evident that it re()uires no trial (ver. !)-l 1). There were, however, two phases of this return- ed distemper which exempted tlie patient from imclean-
ness. If the leprosy suddenly covered the whole body so that the patient became perfectly white, in which case there could be no appearance of live tie.sh (ver. 12, 13), or if the whiteness, after having once diminished and allowed live flesh to appear, covers again the whole body, then the patient was clean (ver. 14-17). This, most probably, was regarded as indicative of the crisis, as the whole evil matter thus brought to the surface formed itself into a scale which dried and peeled off. The only other feature which this case represents be- sides the symptoms already described is that leprosy at times also spread over the whole skin and rendered it perfectly white. As to the live flesh ("^n "i-3), the Sept., the Chaldee, the Mishna, and the Jewish rabbins, ill accordance with ancient tradition, take it to denote sound Jlesh, or a spot in the flesh assuming the appear- ance of life after it had been paled by the whiteness overspreading the whole surface. The size of this spot of live flesh which renders the patient unclean must, ac- cording to tradition, be at least that of a lentil (Mai- monides, /. c, iii, 1-3).
(3.) The third case is of leprosy developing itself from an inflammation ("pn'jT) or a burn ('CX rill's), which is to be recognised by the same symptoms (Lev. xiii, 18-28). Hence, when these suspicious signs were dis- cernible in that part of the skin which was healed of an inflammation, the patient was to go to the priest, who was at once to pronounce it leprosy developed from an in- flammation, if the symptoms were unmistakable (ver. 19, 20). If the priest found these marks, he remanded the patient for seven days (ver.21),and if tlie disorder spread over the skin during the time the patient was declared leprous and unclean (ver. 22) ; but if it remained in the same condition, he pronounced it the cicatrix of the in- flammation ("pncn r3"ijl) and the patient clean (ver. 23). The same rules applied to the suspicious appearance of a burn (ver. 24-28). According to the Hebrew canons, ■pn'13 is defined inflammation arising from '"an injury received from the stroke of wood or a stone, or from hot olive husks, or the hot Tiberian water, or from anything, the heat of which docs not come from fire, whilst Til-O denotes a burn from live coals, hot ashes, or from any heat which proceeds from fire" (Negaim, ix, 1 ; Maimon- ides. 0« Lep)-6sy, V, 1). It will be seen that there is a difference in the treatment of the suspicious symptoms in (1.) and (3.). In the former instance, where there is no apparent cause for the symptoms, the suspected in- valid has to undergo two remands of seven days before his case can be decided ; whilst in the latter, where the inflammation or the burn visibly supplies the reason for this suspicion, he is only remanded for one week, at the end of which his case is finally determined.
(4.) The fourth case is leprosy on the head or chin (Lev. xiii, 29-37), which is to be recognised by the af- fected spot being deeper than the general level of the skin, and by the hair thereon having become thin and yellowish. When these symptoms exist, the priest is to pronounce it a scall (pTI), which is head or chin leprosy, and declare the patient unclean (ver. 30). But if this disonh'r on the head or chin does not exhibit these symptoms, tlie patient is to be remanded for seven days, when the priest is again to examine it, and if he finds that it has neither epread nor exhibits the required cri- teria, he is to order the patient to cut off all the liair of his head or cliin, except that which grows on the af- flicted spot itself and remand liim for another ^veek, and then pronounce liim clean if it continues in the same state at the expiration of this period (ver.31-34); and if it spreads after lie has been pronounced clean, the priest is forthwith to declare him unclean without looking for anj' yellow hair (ver. 35, 3(5). The Jewish canoiis define pr'i by "an affection on the head or chin which causes the hair on these affected parts to fall off by the roots, so that the [ilace of the hair is quite bare" (Maimonides, On Lejyrosy, viii, 1). The condition of the hair, consti-
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tuting one of the leprous symptoms, is described as fol- lows : " pi is small or short, but if it be long, though it is yellow as gold, it is no sign of uneleanness. Two yel- low and short hairs, whether close to one another or far from each other, whetlier in the centre of the neihek or on the edge thereof, no matter whether the netheh pre- cedes the yellow hair or the yellow hair tl(e nethek, are symptoms of uncleanness" (Maimonides. /. c, viii, 5). The manner of shaving is thus described : " The hair round the scall is all shaved off except two hairs which are close to it, so that it might be known thereby ^vhetller it spread" {Neyaim, x, 5).