LOCK
477
LOCKE
they -were published in German by Spalatin (1521). af- I has small pins, made to correspond with the holes, into
tenvards by J. Jonas (153G), and tiually by Melancthon himself (1542), and designated by them as the chief ar- ticles and principal point of Scripture (IhaqHartikel u. fiirnehmste Funkte d. ganzen heil. Svliri/t), or of Chris- tian doctrine {Hauptartikd christlichcr Lehrt). Me- lancthon, however, in the third part of his Loci (1543- 59), gradually withdrew from this position, and adopted a manner of treating the subject more akin to scholas- ticism. This was subsequently the case with the Loci theohxjici of Abdias Prffitorius (Schulze) (Wittemberg, 15G9) and Strigel (ed. Fezel, Neust, 1581), who held the same views, as well as with those of Martin Chemnitz (ed. P. Lysef, Francf. a. M. 1591) and Hafenreffer (Tlib. IGOO), who diflfered from him; also of Leonard Hlit- ter (Wittemb. 1619), who went on an entirely different ])rinciplc, which John Gerhard tried to soften down in his renowned Loci theol. (Jena, 1010), while A. Calov, in his ASt/stema locor. theol. (Wittemb. 1G55), carried it to its fidi extreme. After this time the expression Loci t/ieolof/ici ceased to be used in Lutheran dogmatics. In the IJeformed Church it was used by Hyperius (Basle, 15GG),W. Muscidus (Berne, 15G1), Peter Martyr (Basle, 1580), J. Maccov (Franeker, 1G39), and D. Chamier (Ge- neva, 1653). See Gass, Gesch. d. prot. Dogmatik (1854, vol. i) ; Heppe, Dofpnatik des deutsch. Protestantismus, etc. (1857, vol. i) ; C. Schwarz, Studitn ii. Ki-itiken (1855, i, and 1857, ii). — Herzog, Eeal-Encyklojmdie, viii, 449. (J.N. P.)
IiOCk (?"3, nadV, to bar up a door, Judg. iii, 23, 24 ; rendered " bolt," 2 Sam. xiii, 17, 18, " inclose," " shut up," in Cant, iv, 12; hence Pl"3iO, manul', the holt or fastening of a door, Neh. iii, 3, 6, 13, 14, 15; Cant, v, 5). The doors of the ancient Hebrews were secured by bars of wood or iron, though the latter were almost entirely appropriated to the entrance of fortresses, prisons, and towns (comp. Isa. xlv, 2). Thus we find it mentioned in 1 Kings iv, 13 as something remarkable concerning Bashan that " there were threescore great cities, hav- ing walls and brazen bars." These were almost the only locks known in early times, and they were fur- nished with a large and clumsy key, which was applied to tlie bar through an orifice on the outside, by means of which the bolt or bar was slipped forward as in mod- ern locks (Judg. iii, 24). There were smaller contri- vances for inner doors, and probably projecting pieces by which to shove the bolt with the hand (Cant, v, 5). See Key. Lane thus describes a modern Egyptian lock : '■ Every door is furnished with a wooden lock, called ddhbeli, the mechanism of which is shown by a sketch here inserted. No. 1 is a front view of the lock, with the bolt drawn back; Nos. 2, 3, and 4 are back views of the separate parts and the key. A number of small iron pins (four, five, or more) drop into corresponding holes in the sliding bolt as soon as the latter is pushed into the hole or staple of the door-post. The key also
r^
izz
o
f=^^^
Modern Egyptian wooden Lock.
which they are introduced to open the lock, the former pins being thus puslicd up, the bolt may be drawn back. The wooden lock of a street door commonly has a slid- ing bolt about fourteen inches long ; those of the doors of apartments, cupboards, etc., are about seven, eight, or nine inches. The locks of the gates of quarters, pub- lic buildings, etc., are of the same kind, and mostly two feet in length, or more. It is not difficult to pick this kind of lock" {Mod. Er/yptians, i, 25). Hence they were sometimes, as an additional security, covered with clay (q. v.), and on this a seal (q. v.) impressed (conip. Job xxviii, 14). (See KauwoUff, Trav. in Eay, i", 17; Eus- seU., Aleppo, i, 22; Volnej', Trav. ii, 438; Chardin, Toy. iv, 123; Wilkinson, Anc. Egypt., abridgment, i, 15, 16.) See UooR.
The other terms rendered "lock" in the Auth.Yers. refer to the hair of the head, etc. ; they are the foUow- mg: nis?)!'?, viachlajjhoth' , braids or plaits, e. g. of the long hair of Samson (Judg. xvi, 13, 19); n'^II^Ii tsitsith', the Jo7-elock of the head (Ezek. viii, 3; also a " fringe" or tassel. Numb, xv, 38, 39 ; comp. Matt, xxiii, 5) ; S'"nS,/)e'?-o, the locks of hair, as being shorn (Numb, vi, 5; Ezek. xliv, 20; and niSIp, kevntstsoth' , thefoi-e- locks or sidelocks of a man's or woman's hair (Cant, v, 2, 12; comp. Schidtens, Op. min. p. 246); but tlS^, tsam- muh', is a veil or female covering for the head and face, usual in the East (Cant, iv, 1, 3 ; vi, 7 ; Isa. xlvii, 2). See Hair.
Locke, George, a Methodist preacher, was born in Cannonstown, Pa., June 8, 1797, and reared in Ken- tucky. His early educational advantages were few, but he improved all opportunities to secure knowledge. His parents were Presbyterians, but George was made a Methodist through the preaching of Edward Talbot when a saddler's apprentice. In 1817 he was licensed to exhort, and soon began to preach. In 1819 he entered Tennessee Conference, and was successively appointed to Little Kiver Circuit, to Powell's Talley, and to Bowl- ing Green Circuit, Ky. In 1822 he located in Shelby- ville, and engaged in secular business. His conscience forced him to re-enter the ministrj', and he success- ively preached on Jefferson Circuit and Hartford Cir- cuit (Kentucky Conference). In 1826 he was trans- ferred to Corydon Circuit, Illinois Conference. In 1828 he labored on Charleston Circuit, and was the means of one of the greatest revivals that Southern Indiana ever witnessed. The same year he was appointed pre- siding elder of Wabash District, which embraced an area of territory in Indiana and Illinois of at least 100 miles from east to west, by 200 miles from north to south, on either side of the Wabash Eiver. While on this district he contracted the consumption, and was obliged to become supernumerarj'. He died in New Albany, Ind., in July, 1834. See Spraguc, Annuls of the American Pulpit, vii, 608.