were doubtless the Lubim and kindred tribes, particularly the ]Mashawasha-u and Tahen-nu of the Egj'ptian mon- uments, all of whom appear to have ultimately taken their common name of Libyans from the Lubim. They seem to have been first reduced by the Egyptians about B.C. 1250, and to have afterwards been driven inland by the Pha?nioian and Greek colonists. Now, they still remain on the northern confines of the Great Desert, and even within it, and in the mountains, while their later Shemitic rivals pasture their Hocks in the rich plains. Many as are the Arab tribes of Africa, one great tribe, that of the Beni 'Ali, extends from Egypt to Morocco, illustrating tlie probable extent of the territorj^ of the Lubim and their cognates. It is possible that in Ezek. XXX, 5, Lub, 31^, should be read for Chub, 2^2; but there is no other instance of the use of this form : as, however, 'I'lP and D'^'I^P are used for one people, appar- ently the Mizraite Ludim, most probabh' kindred to the Lubim, this objection is not conclusive. See CuiB; Ludim. In Jer. xlvi, 9, the A. V. renders Phut 'the Libyans;' and in Ezek. xxxviii, 5, 'Libya'" (Smith). See Libya.
Lubin, Angvistin, a French monk, was born in Paris Jan. 29, 1624 ; was early admitted to the Order of Reformed Augustinian monks, became their provincial at Bourges, and assistant general at Rome. He died at Paris March 7, 1695. Lubin had a particular knowl- edge of all the benefices of France and the abbeys of Ital}-. He published many learned works on ancient and sacred geography; among others, Tabnhe Sacrce Geographico} (Paris, 1670) : — Mariyroloyium liomanum, cum tahulis geogrop)his et notis historicis (Paris, 16G0) : — Tables gwgraphiques pour les Vies des hommes illusires de Plutarque, dresses sur la traduction de PAlbe Talle- mant (Paris, 1671): — Clef du (jrand Pouille des Eenejices de France, containing the names of the abbeys, of their founders, their situation, etc. (Paris, 1671) ; etc. See T)u\)m, Autturs ecclesiasf. du dixsep)tieme siecle; Journal des Savants, 1695, p. 220.
Lubin, Eilhard, one of the most learned Protes- tants of his time, was born at Wcstersted. in Oldenburg, March 24, 1556, of which place his father was minister. He was educated first at Leipsic, where he prosecuted his studies with great success, and for further improve- ment went thence to Cologne. After this he visited the several universities of Helmstadt, Strasburg, Jena. IMar- purg, and, last of all, Rostock, where he was made pro- fessor of poetry in 1595, and ten years later was advanced to the divinity chair in the same miiversity. He died in June, 1621. One of his works deserves special mention, Phosp)horus de pi-ima causa et natura mali, t>-actatus hjipei'metaphysicus, etc. (Rostock, 1596, and 8vo and 12mo in 1600), in which he established two coeternal principles (not matter and a vacuum, or void, as Epicu- rus did, but), God and the nihilum, or nothing. God, he supposed, is the good principle, and nothing the evil principle. He added that sin was nothing else but a tendency towards nothing, and that sin had been neces- sary in order to make known the nature of good ; and he applied to this nothing all that Aristotle says of the first matter. He Avas answered by Grawer, but pub- lished a reply entitled Apoloyeticus ^gito Alb. Grair. ca- lumniis j-esjwnd., etc. (Kostock, 1605). He likewise pub- lished the next year, Tractatus de causa p)eccati, ad theoloyos A uyustina confessionis in Germania. See Gen. Biofj. Diet. s. v. ; Bayle, Hist. Dirt. s. v.
IiUCa, Giovanni Battista, an Italian prelate, was born at Venosa, Na])lcs, in 1614. He raised himself by merit from poverty to the highest stations in the Church. He became referendary of tlie two signatures, and au- ditor of pope Innocent XI, who appointed him cardinal Sept. 1, 1681. Before entering the Chureli Luca had been a lawyer, and treatises on jurisprudence form the greater part of his works. He died at Rome Feb. 5, 1683. His Theatrum Veritatis et Justi/ice (1697, 7 vols.)
LUCANUS
538
LUCIA
treats of canon and civil law, and was very highly es- teemed. Among his remaining works are the follow- ing : Concilium Tridentium, ex recensione J. GaUimarti et A iJjj. Barhoscc, cum notis Cardinalis de Luca (Cologne, 10G4). See Tiraboschi, Storia dcJhi I.it1rr<ifura Itali- a/ia, vol. viii; Migne, Hist, des Canlinaii.i-, hi the Ency- clop. EccUsiast.; Hoefer, Nouv. Blmj. Cnnnde, s. v.
Lucanus or Lucianus, a disciple of Marcion and the Gnostics, flourished in the latter part of the second century. He denied the reality of the body of Christ, as well as the immateriality and immortality of the soul. He regarded the souls of animals as of the same kind with those of men, and allowed the resurrection of the for- mer. He is known to have been the author of numerous forgeries: among others, the History of the Nativity of the Virrjin Mary, the Protevanfjdion, or History of James, tlie Gospel of Nicodemus. He seems to have been the same heretic who is sometimes called Lucius, Leicius, Leucius, Lentitius, Leontius, Lentius, Seleucus, Charinus, Nexocharides, and Leonides. — Yaxrax, Eccles. Diet, s. v. See Schaflf, Ch. Hist, i, 245. See Lucian, St.
Lucarius, Cvrillus. See Cyril, Lucar.
Lu'cas {XovKciQjYulg. Lucas), a friend and compan- ion of Paid during his imprisonment at Kome (Philem. 24). A.D. 57. He is doubtless the same as Luke, the beloved physician, who is associated with Demas in Col. iv, 14, and who remained faithfid to the apostle when others forsook him (2 Tim. iv, 11), on his first examina- tion before the emperor. For the grounds of his iden- tification with the evangelist Luke, see the article Luke. — Smith, s. V.