5. Among the paintine/s of renown, the first place his- torically is due to Luther's portrait by Lucas Cranach. It is now in the possession of Winter, in Heidelberg. The copies and engravings of it have been multiplied by millions. Busts or portraits of Luther are found in many of the Protestant (Lutheran) churches on the Con- tinent, and in some in America.
XVn. Literature. — Luther's separate nwi-ls amount to about four hundred. Li a collected shape his works have appeared in the following editions: 1. 1539-1559, 20 vols, folio (at Wittenberg), by order of the elector John Frederick. Seven of the volumes are in Latin (1545-1558), and one (Breslau, 1563) is the Index. 2. 1555-1558, 12 vols, folio (Jena). Four are Latin. The Inilex (1573 and 1592) was completed by Aurifaber (Eis- leben, 1564-1565, 2 vols, folio). Text more trustworthy than that of the Wittenberg. 3. 1661-1664, 10 vols, folio (Altenburg), by order of the duke Frederick William ; edited bj' J. Ch. Sagitarus. German only. A supple- ment to these three editions was published in 1702, by J. G. Seidler (Halle, 1702). 4. 1729-1740, 23 vols, folio, German (Leipzig) ; best of the folio editions. 5. 1740- 1753, 24 vols. 4to, German, J. G. Walch (Halle). Pre- ferretl to the others because of its fidness, and the in- corporation of important documents; objected to be- cause of inaccuracies, and liberties with the text. 6. a. 1826-1857,67 vols. 12mo, German (Erlangen) ; edited by John G. Plochmann and John C. Irmischer. It is the most critical of all the editions, b. The Latin series of the same edition is not yet completed.
Sc/rrfions from Luther's works, or abridgments, have been edited by F. W. Lommler (Gotha, 1816-17, 3 vols.), by Vent (Hamb. 1826-27, 10 vols.), by Plitzer (Frankf. 1837), by Otto von Gcrlach (1840-1848, 24 vols.), and by Zimmermann (1846-1850, 4 vols. 8vo). For the German Christian people, by Frobenius, Schellbach, and others (1847-1855). Political writings, by Mundt (Berl. 1844). Kirchen-PostiUe. by Francke (Leipzig, 1844). Manual Concordance of Luther's writings, edited by Lomler and others (Darmstadt, 1827-1831, dvols.). See Bretschnei- der, Luther an Uni<ere Zeit (Erfurt, 1817).
Translations Worn Lutlier into English arc catalogued in Lowndes's Biblioe/rajiher's Manual (Bolin, 1860), p. 1415-1417.
Luther's Letters have been edited, 1. by G.Th. Strobel (1780-83) and by De Wette (1825-28) ; supplement by Seidemaim (1856). 2. Correspondence edited by Burck- hardt (1866). See Yeesenmayer, Literargeschichte ("Lit- erary History of the Collections of Luther's Letters," Berlin, 1821).
Tha'' Table-Talk'' (rwc/(re*«, Aurifaber,1566; Stang- wald, 1571, 1591) has been critically edited by Fcirste- mann and Bindseil (1844-48). The most complete trans- lation into English is by Capt. Henrj' Bell (Lond. 1652, folio; 2d edit. 1791; new edit. Burckhardt, 1840 [gar- bled] ; transl. by Wm. HazUtt, London, 1848 ; new edit., with additions, London [Bohn], 1857,- Philad. 1868),
The writers on the life of Luther are numerous (Fa- bricii CentifoUum [Hamburg, 1728, 1730, 2 vols. ; Ukert, 1817]; 'Ej.(i.\oge\, Biblioth. Biographica Luth. [Halle, 1851], give the literature), namely, Melancthon, Uisto- ria de vita et Actis Liitheri (Wittenberg, 1546; edited by Augusti, Breslau, 1817; with Preface by Neander, Berl. 1841; transl.by Zimmermann, Gottingen, 1816; in Eng- lish, London, 1561, 1817); Cruciger (1553); Mathesius, Geschichte Luther' s,m Seventeen Sermons {^urn\icrg,\bGb, and frequently since ; edited, with observations bv Rust, Berl. 1841; by Schubert, Stuttg. 1852); Selnecker (1675) ; Dresser (1598); Walch, in his edition oiLuthers Werke, xxiv, 1-875; Keil (2d ed. Leipz. 1764,4 vols.); SchriJckh (Leipzig, 1778) ; Tischer (Leipz. 1793 ; ijew edit. 1803) ; Ukert (Gotha, 1817, 2 vols, [rich in notices of litera- ture] ) ; Spieker, Geschichte Luther's und der liefiirmation (Berlin, 1818, 1 vol.) ; Stang, Leben u. Wirken\l83d-37 ; after J. Mathesius, Niirnb. 1833) ; G. Pfizer (Stuttg. 1836) ; Ledderhose (1836) ; Meurer, Luthei-'s Leben, ans den Qtiel- len, erzahlt (Dresden, 1843-1846 [transl. N.Y. 1848], 1852 ; 3dedit.l870; abridged, 1850, 1861, 1869); F.W.Genthe, Leben u. We?-ke (Eisleb. 1841-45) ; Jlirgens, First Divis. 3 vols. — reaches only to 1517 (Leipz. 1846-47); Weyd- mann (1850), H. Gelzer, Historical Sketches, icith picto- rial illustrations by G. Kcinig (Hamb. 1851 ; transl., with an Introduction and view of the Reformation in Eng- land by Croh', 1853, 1858 ; 3d ed, Bohn, 18G0 ; reprinted, Philadelphia, with Introduction by T, Stork, 1854); J, A. Jander, Luther's Leben (Leipzig, 1853); K, Zimmermann (Darmstadt, 1855) ; G, A. Hoff, Fze de Luth. (Paris, 1860) ; H.W.J. 'Yh.i&TSc\\,Luther,Gustav Adolph, iind Maximil- ian I (Nordl. 1869) ; Jiikel, Dr. M. L. Gesch. seines Le- bens und seiner Zeit (1870); Schultz {'E.^.Y.'). Luther's Leben u. Wirken (Berl. 1870) ; Lang, M. L. (1870). The biographical dictionaries and the encyclopiedias all have articles on Luther. Among the former may be mentioned Baj'le, among the latter the Britannica (Bunsen) and Herzog (by Kcistlin). Many of the most important works which treat of Luther's life, as, for example, Sleidan, Scul- tetus, SeckendorfjTenzel, Spalatiue, IMj-conins, among the older writers, and Marheineke, Ranke, D'Aubignc, Wad- dington, among recent ones, present it in its connections with the history of the Rei'ormation (q. v,).
The most noticeable lives of Lutlier from Roman Catholic hands are by Cochheus (1549 ; tr. into German by Hueber, 1582), Ulenberg (1622; trans, into German, Mainz, 1836), Michelet (1833-35, trans, by Lawson, 1836 ; by G. H. Smith and by Hazlitt, 1846), a"nd Audin (Par. 1838, 1850; transl. Philad. 1841; by Trumbull, London, 1854).