MANGEY
(06
MANI
mangers are built of small stones and mortar, in the shape of a box, or, rather, of a kneading-trough, and when. cleaned up and whitewashed, as they often are in summer, they do very well to lay little babes in" (Thom- son, Land and Book, ii, 98). See Stable.
Mangey, Thomas, D.D., an English theologian, was born at Leeds in 1G84 ; was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; held successively the livings of St. Mildred, Bread Street, London ; St. Nicholas, (iuil- ford, and Ealing, in INIiddlesex; was chaplain to Dr. Robinson, bishop of London; in 1721 was presented to the fifth stall in the cathedral of Durham, and was ad- vanced to the first stall in 1722; became D.D. in 1725, and died in 1755. Dr. Mangey published a number of Sermons and controversial tracts, and a most valuable edition of the works of Philo Judajus : Philonis Judcei Opera omnia quae, reperiri potuerunt (Lond. 1742, 2 vols, fol.). — Allibone, Diet. Brit, and A mer. A nth. s. v. ; Hook, Eceles. Biog. vii, 222.
Manhartists orHaagleitnerians the name of a party in the Romish Church, especially in the arch- bishopric of Salzburg, from 1814 to 1826, whose founder and chief was a young priest named Caspar Haagleitner, of Hopfgarten ; and its most distinguished and active member was Sebastian Manzl, of Westendorf (known also by the name of Manhart, from one of his estates). In 1809 Napoleon I had appointed the prince-bishop of Chi- em-see and the coadjutor of Salzburg as ecclesiastical authorities in the diocese. The clergy submitted with the exception of Haagleitner, who refused to recognise them, and showed symptoms of heresy. He left Hopf- garten and went to Tyrol, where he created some relig- ious and political troubles, and gained a number of fol- lowers. At the peace of Schiinbrunn the Tyrol fell again into the hands of the French, and Haagleitner was taken a prisoner to Kusstein anil Salzburg. He finally succeeded in making good his escape; and when, in 1814, Austria recovered the Bavarian Tyrol, he was appointed vicar at Wijrgel. Here he continued his in- trigue, and succeeded so well that the people came to consider him as the only true priest in the country, the others having failed to do their duty by submitting to the dictates of Napoleon. Manhart assisted Haag- leitner greatly in propagating his doctrines in Westen- dorf, Hopfgarten, and Kirchbichel, and their effect was felt even long after Haagleitner had been removed from Wiirgol. Manhart held meetings in his own house, preaching himself, or allowing his wife to preach, as well as another woman from Hopfgarten. The admin- istrator of the diocese of Salzburg, and afterwards the archbishop Augustin Gruber, sought in vain to recon- cile them with the Church ; they asked to be instructed by the pope himself in case they were in the wrong, and for this purpose went to Rome in 1825. The difHculty ended soon after.— Herzog, Real-EncijUopddip, viii, 781.
Ma'ni (\Iaj'(',Vulg. Banni), given (1 Esdr. ix, 30) by crnir for Baxi (q. v.) of the Heb. list (Ezra x, 29).
Maui, Manes, or Manichaeus (entitled Zendik, Sa Idui'ee), the founder of the heretical sect of the jMa- iiich;eans, is said to have flourished in the second half of the 3d century. Little is known Avith regard to his early history, and the accounts transmitted through two distinct sources — the Western or Greek, and the" East- ern—are legendary and contradictory- on almost every important point. According to the most probable sup- position, he was a native of Persia, and was born about 214. His real name appears to have been Curbicus, and he was the slave of a rich woman of Ctesiphon, wlio bought him when he was but seven years of age, had him carefidly educated, and at her decease left h?m all her wealth. Among the books she left him he is said to have found tlie \\Titiiigs of Scythianus, which h.ad l)een given to her by one of the iatter's disciples named Terebinthus, or Budda. The East was at this time in great ferment. The progress of Christianity had awakened the opposition of all the heathen reliijious i
from the Indus to the Euphrates. Parsism was the most powerful among them. Mani, with the aid of the treasure left him in the writings of Scythianus, believed it possible to accomplish the amalgamation of Parsism and Christianity, and for this purpose he emigrated to Persia, changed his name so as to obliterate all traces of his origin and former state, and, to carry out his plans more successfully, he proclaimed himself the Paraclete promised by Christ. It is said that the attempt was looked upon with favor by king Sapor and by Hormisdas, but this appears doubtful. Followers soon gathered, and three of the new sect — Thomas, Buddas or Addas, and Hermas — propagated the doctrines, the first in Egypt and the second-in India. Hermas only remained with Mani to assist him. While they were away the son of Sapor fell ill, and Mani, who had been highly spoken of as aph3^sician,was called to attend him; but, not suc- ceeding, he was thrown mto prison. Mani bribed his keepers, and succeeded in escaping, but was pursued and captured, and publicly executed.
There are other accounts, however, which make Mani the scion of a noble magian family, and a man of ex- traordinary mental powers and artistic and scientific abilities — an eminent painter, mathematician, etc. Ac- cording to them ]\Iani embraced Christianity in early manhood, and became presbyter at a church in Ehvaz or Ahvaj, in the Persian province of Hazitis. He pur- posed to piu-ge Christianity of its alleged Jewish cor- ruptions, to demonstrate its unity with Parsism, and thereby to present the perfect universal religion. He gave himself out to be the Paraclete, and styled him- self in ecclesiastical documents " Mani, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ through the election of God the leather. These are the words of salvation from the eternal and living Source." Persecuted by king Sapor I, he sought refuge in foreign countries, went to India, China, and Turkistan, and there lived in a cave for twelve months, during which he claimed to have been in heaven. He reappeared with a wonderful book of draw- ings and pictures, called Erdshenk or Ertenki-lNIani. No doubt during his residence in these countries he had become acquainted with Buddhism, and had decided to incorporate some of its best points in his syncretistic re- ligion (comp. Hardwick, Christ and other Masters, i, 288 sq.). After the death of Sapor (A.D. 272) he returned to Persia, where Hormas, the new king, who was well inclined towards him, received him with great honors, and, in order to protect him more effectually against the persecutions of the magi, gave him the stronghold of Deshereh, in Susiana, as a residence. After the death of this king, however, Bahram, his successor, entrapped ]\Iani into a public disputation with the magi, for which pur])ose he had to leave his castle ; and he was seized and flayed alive, A.D. 277. His skin was stuffed and hinig up for a terror at the gates of the city Jondishapur.