Other peculiarities, establishing the unity of author- ship, may be noticed : (1.) The use of rorf, as the ordi- nary particle of transition, ninety times ; six times in Mark, and fourteen in Luke. (2.) Kai tysvtro 'ots, five times; Luke uses iire Ct tyfvtTo, or Kai '6-e tytvtTO. (3.) 'twg ov, seven times. (4.) tv iKiiv(j) Ttjj Katpip, iv Ty lopc/. iK., and aTro r. top. tK., scarcely found in Mark or Luke. (5.) ai'ax'^pii'', " to retire," ten times. (6.) Kar' vvap, six times. (7.) ttouTv tlig, wairtp, KaBwg,
MATTHEW
895
MATTHEW
iooavTdJQ ; Luke, voi. o/^oiwc. (8.) rcKpoQ, six times ; only Rom. iii, 13- besides in the N. T. (9.) (rtpuSpa, and other adverbs, after the verb, except ovnj, always be- fore it. (10.) irpoaKvviiv, with the dative, ten times; twice in Mark, three times in John.
Other AV'ords which are found either only or more frequently in Matthew are, fiaSirjTEvtiv, atXrivid'CtaBai, (ppvi'ij-iog, otKiaKog, varepov, iKtt^ev, diarai^HV, Kura- irovriCeTSrai, fitTaiptlv, avvaipiiv \6yov, avfijiohXiov Xai.tj3av(ii', fiaXuKia — koc, etc. (see Credner, Ewltit. p. Go Sf[. ; Gersdorf, Beitrdije z. Sprachcharuct. d. N. T.),
IX. Citations from the Old Testament. — Few facts are more significant of the original purpose of this Gospel, and the persons for whom it was designed, than the fre- quency of citations from and references to the O.-Test. Scriptures. While in Luke and Mark, the Gentile Gos- pels, we have only twenty -four and twenty-three re- spectively, Matthew supplies no less than lifty-four. The character of the quotations is no less noticeable than the number. In Matthew the Old Test, is cited verbally no less than forty -three times, many of the quotations being peculiar to this evangelist ; in Luke we have not more than nineteen direct citations, and only eight quotations (in Mark only two), which are not found elsewhere. The two classes into which these citations are distinguished — those more or less directly from the Sept., and those which give an original render- ing of the Hebrew text — have been alluded to above. The citations peculiar to Matthew are marked with an asterisk (*), and those which he quotes as having been fulfilled in our Lord's life with (a).
(a)i/23....
. .Isa. vii, 14.
XV, 4
.Exod. xxi, 16.
((•() ii, 6
..Mic. v, 2.
8,9..
.Isa. xxix, 13.
(a) 3.5
..IIos. xi,l.
*
xviii, 10. . xix, 4....
.Deut. xix, 15.
ill) is' . . .
. .Jar. xxxi, 15.
.Gen. i, 27.
iii, 3....
..Isa. xl,3.
5....
.Geu. ii, 24.
iv, i ...
. .Deut. viii, 3.
7....
.Deut. xxiv, 1.
0 ...
...Psa. xci.ll,
xix, 18, 19. Exod. XX, 12-
12.
16.
7...
. Deut. vi,16.
*{a)
xxi, 5
.Zech. ix,9.
10...
..Deut. vi, 13.
9...
.Psa. cxviii,
{a) 14-10.
..Isa. ix, 12.
25, 26.
V, 5 ... .
..Psa. xxxvii, 11, 29.
13...
.Isa. Ivi, 7; Jer. vii, 11.
21....
..Exod. XX, 13.
*
16...
.Psa. viii, 2.
2T . . . .
..Exod. XX, 14.
42...
.Psa. cxviii,
31 ... .
. .Deut. xxiv, 1.
22.
[Lev. xix, 12;
xxii, 24 .
. Deut. XXV, 5.
33 ... .
-I Deut. xxiii,
32.
.Exod. iii, 6.
i 23.
37.
. Deut. vi, .5.
3S . . . .
..Exod.xxi,24.
39..
. Lev. xix, 13.
43 ... .
. .Lev. xix, 18.
44 ..
. Psa. ex, 1.
viii, 4..
. . Lev. xiv, 2.
xxiii, 3S. .
.Hag. i, 9(?).
(a) IT..
..Isa. liii,4.
39.
.Psa. cxviii,
(rt) ix, 13..
..Hos. vi, 6.
26.
X, 3.'), 30
..Mic. vii, G.
xxiv, 15.
.Dan. xii, 11;
xi, 5 . . .
..Isa. XXXV, 5;
ix, 27.
xxix, IS.
29.
.Isa. xiii, 10;
10....
..Mai. iii, 1.
Joel ii, 10.
(a) xii, 7...
...Hos. vi,6.
xxvi, 31.,
.Zech. xiii, 7.
(a) lS-21
...Isa. xlii, 1^.
64.
.Dan. vii, 13.
xiii, 14, IS.Isa. vi,9, 10.
*{a)
xxvii, 10
.Zech. xi, 13.
(a) 35.
..Psa. Ixxviii,
yi)
35
.Psa. xxii, 18.
2.
43
.Psa. xxii, 8.
XV, 4...
..Exod. XX, 12.
46
.Psa. xxii, 1.
To these may be added (ii, 23), " He shall be called a Nazarcne ;" and the appeal to the words of the prophets generally (.xxvi, 51-, 56).
References to the O. Test, which are not direct cita- tions, are as under :
xi, 14 Mai. iv, 5.
xii. 3 1 Sam. xxi, 3-6.
5 Numb, xxviii, 9.
40 Jonah i, 17.
42 1 Kings X, 1.
xvii, 11 . . . xxi, 44. ..
xxiii, 35 . ,
, .Mai. iv, 6. ..Dan. ii, 44. (Gen. iv, 8; ■I 2 Chron. xxiv, 21.
X. Genuineness. — Notwithstanding the doubts that have been thrown upon it, the genuineness of INIatthew is as .satisfactorily established as that of any ancient book whatever. See David.son's Introd. to the N. Test., vol. i. From the days of Justin we find perpetual qno- tations corresponding with the existing text of the Gos- pel, which prove that the book then in circulation, as of canonical authority, was the same as that we now have. Of the various recensions by which we are invited by
Marsh, Hilgenfeld, Schleiermacher, Ewald, etc., to be- lieve that the Gospel assumed its present form, there is absolutely no external evidence; while the internal, arising from style and diction, are entirely in favor of the whole having substantially proceeded from one hand. Other supposed internal evidence varies so much, ac- cording to the subjective position of critics, and leads them by the same data to such opposite results, as to be little worth.