Maurice, Antoine (1), a French Protestant theo- logian and Orientalist, was born at Eyguieres, in Prov- ence, Sept. 27, 1079. He belonged to a Provencal family which had embraced the Reformed religion in the 16th centurT, and furnished many pastors to the churches of the south. When the revocation of the Edict of Nantes forced his father to retire to Geneva, Lc was not permitted to follow him, and remained for some time in the hands of priests, who hoped to educate hiiu to the service of the Church of Eome. Two officers, friends of his family, coming to his aid, he succeeded finally in escaping the vigilance of his guardians and ar- rived at Yiemia ; being denounced during a halt, he fled alone, and arrived on foot at Bourg in Bresse (1686). Although it was in the middle of winter, he resumed his route with a faithful servant, and, after having wan- dered in the mountains of Jura, he succeeded in reach- ing Basle, from whence he was conducted to Geneva in a pitiable condition. He was then only nine j'ears old. Consecrated to the ministrj', he entered it in 1697, at Geneva, where, in 1704, he assumed pastoral duty. Gifted with a happy memory and great talent for the study of languages, he learned the greater part of the Oriental idioms, and perlected himself by speaking them ilucntly with a rabbi and priest from the Levant whom he had invited to his house. He was also fond of the sciences, and abandoned the system of Des Cartes for that of Newton, of whom he became a zealous partisan. In 1710 he was elected professor of belles-lettres and of histciry in the Academy of Geneva, later he taught the Oriental languages, and after 1724 theology. He was twice called to the rectorship. In 1713 he was made a member of the Royal Society of the Sciences of Berlin, on the proposition of Leibnitz. Maurice died in Geneva Aug. 20, 1756. Of his works we have an edition of the Rationarium Tempo7-um du P. Petan, with notes (Gene- va, 1721, 3 vols. 8vo) : — twelve iServwns (ibid. 1722, 8vo): — twenty different dissertations, among others. Be Conscientia (1725-1734, 4to) : — Be Resurredione Jesu Christi (1734-1763): — Jus examinis (1740„fol): — Be Suicidio (1756, 8vo). His scientific and philological works have not been published. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biotj. Gini-ralc, s. v.
Maurice, Antoine (2), a Swiss theologian, was
born at Geneva April 11, 1716. He showed at an earlv age a decided taste for the physical sciences; at the a"-"e of sixteen he maintained before the celebrated pro- fessors Caames and Calendrini some theses, Be A ctione Solis et Lunm in aereni et aquam (Geneva, 1732, 4to), which were then considered very remarkable. He be- came pastor in 1748, and in 1753 succeeded his father in the theological chair. He died in Geneva July 23, 1795. He has left some dissertations on philosophical and theological points : Be Musica in Sacris (Geneva, 1771, 4to): — Be Fide veterum Judceorum drca futurwn post hanc vitam stafum (ibid. 1780, 8vo) : — Be Tolei-an- tia ajnid Ethnicos (ibid. 1790, 4to) ; — and in MS. a His- toire ecclesiastique. See Senebier, Hist, litter, de Ge- neve; Mensel, Gelekrten- Lexicon, s. v. — Hoefer, A'oMy. Bioff. Generale, s. v.
Maurice, Frederick Denison, a very celebrated English divine of our day, the successor of Dr. ^Vrnold as leader of the " Broad Church" party of the Anglican clergy, was born in 1805, the son of a Unitarian minister of high reputation for intelligence and philanthropic zeal. Young Maurice at an early age entered at Trin- ity College, Cambridge, where he formed an intimate friendship with the late Scotch divine John Sterling (q.v.), a friendship which lasted through the >vliole of Sterling's life, and which was made closer in the end hy the marriage of the friends to two sisters. From Trinity College both Maurice and Sterling removed to the smaller corporation of Trinity HaU; and here thus early the former began to exert that smgular influence, partly intellectual and partly moral, upon all who came near him, which accompanied him throughout his Avhole career. His examinations at college were passed with such great distinction that he was recommended for a fello^vship notwithstanding his nonconformity, and when he refused, upon the ground that he could not conscien- tiously subscribe to the Thii'ty-nine Articles, he was giv- en a year or two that he might overcome his scruples, take his degree, and enjoy a fellowship. This also he declined, on the ground that, by holding out to himself such a prospect, he woidd be subjecting his intellectual independence to the risk of a temptation, and bribing his conscience. Accordingly, quitting Cambridge with- out a degree, he removed to London, where for some time he devoted himself to literature. With his friend Sterling he became connected with the " Athenaium," then just starting, and opened a literarj^ career that last- ed for a period of forty-four years, within which " the ink of his pen was seldom dr}%" Experiencing a change in his religious sentiment, he finally decided to enter the ministrj' of the Established Church, but, lest his motives should be misinterpreted, he went to Oxford instead of Cambridge, and there about 1828 received ordination. From that very moment his activity in the Church began, and as he commenced so he continued through life. Earnestl}- devoted to the interests of the Christian rehgion, he sought to present the truths of the Gospel in a manner that might bring within the pale of the Church the educated and the liberal. He held that the Church ought to grapple intellectually, in its theolog- ical aims and expositions, with the most advanced forms of sceptical thought, in such a manner as to evince a liberal sympathy with much that is non-theological in its apparent aspect, in order the more surely to exhibit the supremacy of religion over all, and that the Clnirch, as an institution, ought so to grapple with contempora- ry forms of social evil as to exhibit Christianity as the true source of everj' effective social amelioration. In carrying out these ideas he necessarily came into conflict with the vie^vs of others, both in and out of the Church ; his orthodoxy on various doctrinal points was ques- tioned, and he was severelj' attacked by those who be- lieved him guilty of injuring the best interests of the Church.