Measure is the rendering in the Auth. Vers, of a ' meat-oftcring, and the peace-offering (Lev. ii, 1, ctc.)- nuniher of Hebrew and Greek terms, some of which are ' a"^! which consisted solely of Hour, or corn, and od, sac- descriptive of dimension or extent generallv, while oth- I "'i^^s of flesh being confuted to the other two. I he e'-s denote a specific length or capacity. Again, there word thus translated is S^npr, vnnchuh', elsewhere ren- are other words in the original denoting a particular dered "present" and "oblation," and derived from a root (luantity or space, which are still differently rendered in I which has the force of " sending" or " offering" to a pcr-
the Auth. Vers. It is our purpose in the present article to present merely a general view of the various render- ings, leaving the determination of the modern equiva- lents to the special head of MiiiuoLOGY (q. v.). The following are the words rendered " measure" in the A.V. :
L Those that are of indefinite Import.— {\) ph, chok (Isa. v, 14 ; a statute, as elsewhere usually rendered) ; (•2) T?, mad (Job xi, 9 ; Jer. xiii, 25 ; rediiplieatetl jihir. Job xxxviii, 5; elsewhere & garment, as usually render- ed) ; (3) properly iTn?3, vnddah', the usual word thus rendered (Exod. xxvi, 2, 8 ; Josh, iii, 4 ; 1 Kings vi, 25 ; vii.9,11,37; 2 Chron.iii, 3; Job xxviii,25; Psa. xxxix, 4 [5] ; Jer, xxxi, 39 ; Ezek. xl, 3, 5, 10, 21, 22, 24, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35 ; xli, 17; xlii, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ; xhii, 13 ; xlv 3; xlvi,22; xlviii, 10, 30, 33 ; Zech. ii, 1 [5]; clsew " piece," etc.) ; (4) n"iVJ'2, mesurah' (Lev. xix, 35 ; 1 Chron.xxiii,39; Ezek. iv, 11,16); (5} X2B^'Q,mishpat/ (Jer. XXX, ii ; xlvi, 28 ; judrpfiient, as elsewhere usually rendered); (C) TS'sn^, mithko'neth (Ezek. xlv, 11; '• tale," Exod. v, 8 ; " composition," Exod. xxx, 32, 37 : '•state," 2 Chron. xxiv, 13) ; (7) ")3Pl to'ken (Ezek. xlv, 11; "tale," Exod. v, 18); (8) fiirpov, the usual and proper ( Jreek word (Jlatt. vii, 2 ; xxiii, 32 ; Mark iv, 24 ; Luke vi, 38 ; John iii, 34 ; Rom. xii, 3 ; 2 Cor. x, 13 ; Eph. iv, 7, 13, 16 ; Kev. xxi, 17).
2. fjuch as represent a definite Value. — (1) n&'^X, ey- jiliah' (Deut. xxv, 14, 15; Trov. xx, 10; Mic. vi, 10; elsewhere "ephak" [q. v.]); (2) rt52X, ammah' (Jer. Ii,
son. It is very desirable that some English term should be proposed which would avoid this ambiguity. "Food- offering" is hardly admissible, though it is jjcrhaps pref- erable to " unbloody or bloodless sacrifice." See Me.vt-
OFI-KIUXG.
3. There are several other words, which, though en- tirely distinct in the original, are all translated in the A.V. by "meat ;" but none of them present any special interest except t,'^'J), te'reph. This word, from a root signifying " to tear," woidd he perhaps more accurately rendered " prey" or " booty." Its use in Psa. cxi, 5, es- pecially when taken in connection with the word ren- dered "good understanding" in ver. 10, which should rather be, as in the margin, "good success," throws a ,'^"' I new and unexpected light over the familiar phrases of that beautiful Psalm. It seems to show how inextin- guishable was the warlike, predatory spirit in the mind of the writer, good Israelite and devout ^vorshipper of Jehovah as he was. Late as he lived in the historj- of his nation, he cannot forget the " power" of Jehovah's "works" by which his forefathers acquired the "heri- tage of the heathen ;" and to him, as to his ancestors when conquering the country, it is still a firm article of belief that those who fear Jehovah shall obtain most of the spoil of his enemies — those who obey his com- mandments shall have the best success in the field.
4. In the N. T. the variety of the (ireek words thus
rendered is equally great; but dismissing such terms as
avaKtiaQai or avaTriirrtiv, which are rendered by "sit
at meat" — (payiir, for which we occasionally find "meat"
' meat
13; "post," Isa. vi, 4; elsewhere "cubit" [q. v.]) ; (3) i --p«-fs« (Actsxvi,34),thesame-a'fwAoW-a,
>'_ 7 /, y • mr m iir.-.-i o r'l •■ m offered to idols" — K\ciiTuarct, generallv "fragments
^S,A-or (1 Kmgs IV, 22 rv,2|; v. 11 r2o]; 2Chron. 11,10 , ^^ . ,, , , ■ ',,,.'''.. •, •" ,
' ^ fc. I L I J ' . L J » ; I jj^ij twice " broken meat — disniissinc these, we have
f9]; xxvii,5; Chald. plur. Ezra
elsewhere "cor" [q. V.]), Gr. Kopoc (Luke xvi, 7) ; (4) HXO, s'edh' (Gen. xviii, 6; 1 Sam. xxv, 18; 1 Kings xviii, 32; 2 Kings
vii, 1, 16, 18 ; a seah [q. v.]), the iiT.acWov (Matt, x 33 ; Luke xiii, 21), and the reduplicated form MXSXO, sassea// (Isa. xxvii, 8; used indeterminately) ; (5)d"'?^, shalisli' (Isa. xl, 12; "great measure," Psa. Ixxx, 6; lit. a third, i. e. prob. of the ephah, but used indefinitely ; ( in /3(Jroc (Luke xvi, G ; the Hebrew bath [q. v.]) ; (7) \oivii (IJov. vi, 6 ; the (Jreek chanix [q. v.]).