Michael Cerularius, a noted Eastern ecclesiastic, flourished as patriarch of Constantinople near the mid-
nopoli
in his -work De Consensu ittriusque Ecclesice. See Cave Jlist. Lit. ad an. 1440 ; Fabricius, Bibl. Greece, x, 373, note. Michael Bradacius, the first Moravian bishop, flourislied originally as a Hussite priest at Zamberg, in the eastern part of Bohemia, about the middle of the 15th century. In 14G7, when tlie INIoravian Brethren (q. V.) separated from the National Church, and insti- tuted a ministry of their own, Michael, who had in the mean time joined the Moravian Brethren, was sent, to- gether with two other priests, to a Waldensian colony on the frontiers of Bohemia and Austria, in order to se- cure the episcopacy. These Waldenses were on friend- ly terms with the Calixtines, and openly fraternized with them at the mass. John Kokyzan, the Calixtinc leader, who had ambitious projects with regard to the
He
caused so much scandal that pope Leo IX sent cardinals Humbert andFrederick, with Peter, archbishopofAmalli, to Constantinople in order to persuade Cerularius to a more moderate conduct. Their efforts were not only unsuccessful, but they were treated with such abuse that Humbert excommunicated the virulent patriarch. Ce- rularius in his turn excommunicated the three legates, and he caused the name of pope Leo IX to be erased from the difitychs. In 1057 he prevailed upon the em- peror jMichael Stratioticus to yield to his successful rival, Isaac Comnenus, whose interest he took care of for some time. Differences, however, soon broke out between them ; and when he was once quarrelling with Isaac about the respective authority of the Church and the State, he impudently cried out, " I have given you the crown, and I know how to take it from you again."
archiepiscopal chair at Prague, which had long been va- , ^^^:^^{^^^^^^^ „.^,^ ,,;, ,,,,^. reward, and Isaac was about to cant, hoped to wm the support of the A\ aldenses. Hence, I ^^^^^.^ ,^._^^ ^_.^ _^^ ,^.^ ^^,^ ^^.,^^^^ ^^^^^^ removed him from
when their ministry had become extinct, he induced bishop Philibert, wlio liad come to Prague as a delegate of the Council of Basle, to oniain two members of the Waldensian colony, Frederick Nemez and John Wlach, as priests, on the i4th of September, 1433. In the sum- mer of the following year (1434)— when the Taborites had been defeated by the Calixtines; when the utmost confusion prevailed throughout Bohemia in Church and State ; when an open feud was raging between the coun- cil and the pope; when, however, the former did every- thing in its power to conciliate the Bohemians — these two A\'aldensian priests were consecrated bishops at Basle by bishops of the Roman Catholic Church. This act was meant as an example and encouragement for the Bohemians, that they might be the more ready to accept the compactata of the council. Nemez and Wlach consecrated other bishops, of whom two were living in 14G7, the name of the senior being Stephen. He and his associate consecrated jMichael Bradacius and his two companions, who thus became the first bishops of the Bohemian Brethren. A Church council was organized, of whicli Michael Bradacius was constituted the presi- dent. After a time he resigned the presidency in favor of Matthias of Kunwaldc (q. v.), but remained in the council. He died at Heiclienau in 1501. Zezschwitz, in his article Lukas v. l'ra;j, in Herzog's Real-Enrykl. vol. XX, calls in question the authenticity of the above narrative, but fails to make good his doubts. He is misled by preconceived notions against the IMoravian episcopacy, as his article |)lainly shows. The transfer of the Waldensian episcopate to the Brethren is estab- lished by a number of documents, whose dates range from 147G to IGOO. in the " Lissa Folios," at Herrnhut (see MoiMviAN BuiiXHiuiS, the Ancient) ; by the of-
the eartli (lit.iSi. Cerularius wrote: Decisio Sunodica de Nuptiis ill Sijifiiiio Gradu: — De Matrinuniio pro- hihito (the former printed, (Jreek and Latin, in the third book, and fragments of the latter in the fourtli book of Lcunclavius. Jug Grtrco-Roman.) : — EpistoUe II ad Pe- truni Antinrlii iiinii (Greek and Latin, in the second voL of Cotekriiis, i:rrl,.<. Cra'c. Monument^):— De Sacerdo- tis Uxore Adidtirlo puUtita (in Cotclerius, Pat res Apos- tol.) : — 2j;/uf (wjun, s. Edicftim Si/twd(dc adcersiis Latinos de Pittada, sen De Excommunicatione a Latinis Legatis in ipsiim ah ipso in Legatos vibrata, anno 1054, die sep- timo .Jiinii factum (Gra;ce et Latine, in Leo Allatius, De Libr. Eccles. G7-(ecis) •.—Ilomilia (ed. Grace et Latine, by Montfaucon, under the title Epistola Synodi NiccB- anm ad Sanctam Alexandria; Evclesiam [Paris, 1715, fol.]). There are, farther, extant in MS. fragments of several letters, as Contra PeMles A bbates, Contra A r- menios, De Jfomicidio facto in Ecclesia, De Episcoporum Judicii'!, etc. See Cave, I/ist Lit. ad an. 1043; I'abri- cius, BibL (h-d'c. xi, 195, 19G.
Michael Glycas, a noted ecclesiastical historian of the (Jreek Church of the 12th century (some place him as late as the 15th), was a native of Sicily, and flourished about A.D. 1120. His most important pro- duction, the Annates Quadripartiti, is a work not only historical, but also philoso])hical and theological. Part
I describes the creation of the world in six days; Part
II extends from the creation to the birth of Christ ; Part HI to Constautine tlic Great; and Part IV to the death of jVlexius Comnenus, A.D. 11 1«. It was published in Gr. and Lat., with notes, by Labbe (Paris, lG(;o, fol.). Glycas also wrote JJispntalioncnbe 11, and likewise many epistles, of which fragments are preserved.