Mondonville, Jeanne Jiliard, Dame Turles i)E, a French Roman Catholic woman, noted as the foundress of a pious order, was born at Toulouse in 1G26. The daughter of a president of the Parliament of Tou- louse, Jeanne Juliard was distinguished for her mind and her beauty. In 1G4G she married Turles, lord of IMondonville, who left her a widow while still young, but endowed with a considerable fortune. IJefusing many honorat)le offers of marriage, she determined to devote herself to the instruction of the poor and the re- lief of the sick. In order the more completely to effect her object, she founded in 1G52, with the approbation of ]\rarca, archbishop of Toulouse, the congregation called Les Filles de VEnfance. This institution was au- thorized in 10G3 by pope Alexander VII, and approved by letters [)atent of eighteen bishops and many doctors in theology. The congregation was progressing finely, and already counted many chapels, when it was sud- denly and violently attacked by the Jesuits, on the ground that the constitution of the new congregation contained maxims dangerous to religion and morals. They obtained the nomination of commissioners to ex- amine the criminated points, and exerted themselves so effectively that the congregation of the Filks de FEn- fance was suppressed by a decree of council in 1C8G. Madame de Mondonville was imjirisoned at the Ilospi- talieres of Coutanccs, where she died in 1703, after twenty years of the most rigorous confinement. The Jesuits did not wait for that event before they confis- cated the property of the dissolved congregation, and established in its stead seminaries and houses of their own order. An old Jesuit and lawyer, lieboulet, in his llistoire des FiUes de la Congregation de VEnfance (Avignon, 1734), accuses Madame de iMondonville of having given an asylum to men of treasonable views towards the state, that she had furnished some of them with means of leaving the kingdom, and that she li.ad printed in her house many libels on the conduct of the king and his council ; and the Jesuits as an order fought these unfortunate women as if they had been redoubta- ble enemies, and very soon despoiled them of all tlieir goods. But when, subsequently, circumstances changed, and the credit of the Jesuits declined rapidly, the I'ar- liament of Toulouse, at the re<iuest of the abbe Juliard, a relation of ^ladame de Mondonville, condemned Ke- boidet's work to the fiames as calumnious and false. See Xecrologe dis Amis de la Verite. — Hoefer, Xmir. Biog, Ceneralc, s. v.
Monegoiide, Sainti:, a French Ponian Catholic woman, noted as the foundress of a religious onler. was bom at Chartres in the early part of the Gtli century. She was the descendant of a noide family, and was mar- ried, contrary to her own wishes, in ol)ediencc to her ])arents' will, and had two daughters, who died at an early age. The period of mourning having passed, she withdrew to a narrow cell, with no other opening th.tn a shutter, where she received a little barley-Hour, which she kneaded into bread. This was her sole nourish-
MONERGISM
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MONEY
jnent, and even in this she indulged only when pressed by extreme hanger. After a considerable period, Sainte Monegonde left the city of Chartres in order to continue the same kind of life at Tours, near the tomb of St. Martin. The sensation produced by the miracles at- tributed to her aroused her husband and many of her friends, who took her back to Chartres ; but, convinced by her urgent solicitations, they permitted her to return to Tours, where she formed a small religious order of women, called Les Filles spirituelles, with whom she continued her austerities until her death. St. Gregory of Tours refers to her so-called miracles, and aided her in building a monastery, called Saint-Pierre-le-Puellier. This edifice became a collegiate church for secular can- ons. It was burned in 1502 by the Calvinists, and Sainte Monegonde's body perished in the flames. She died at Tours, July 2, 570, and this day is still observed in her honor. See St. Gregoire, De Gloi-ia Confessorum ; MartijroL Rem. (July 2) ; Bailiet, Vie des Saints, vol, ii (July 2) ; Eicliard and Giraud, Bibliotheque Sacree, — Butler, Lices of the Saints, iii, 16 sq.
Mouergism (from fxuvog, sole, and tpyov, u-orF) is a term used to designate the doctrine that in regenera- tion there is but one efficient agent, viz. the Holy Spirit. It is held by monergists that " the will of sinful man has not the least inclination towards holiness, nor any power to act in a holy manner, until it has been acted upon bj' divine grace; and therefore it cannot be said with strictness to co-operate with the Holy Spirit, since it acts in conversion only after it is quickened by the Holy Spirit." The doctrine is opposed to synergism, whiLh teaches that there are two efficient agents in regeneration — the human soul and the divine Spirit — co-operating together, a theory which accordingly holds that the soul has not lost all inclination towards holi- ness, nor all power to seek for it under the influence of ordinary motives. See SvNEEGisar.
Monestier, Blaise, a French philosopher, who did great service in combating the evil influences of the infidel schools which abounded in France towards the close of the 18th century, was born April 18, 1717, at Antezat, diocese of Clermont. After belonging to the Jesuits for some time, he abandoned that order to allow himself more liberty for the cultivation of his taste for study. He taught mathematics at Clermont-Ferrand and philosophy at Toulouse, where he died in 1776. He is the author oi Dissertation sur la Nature et la Forma- tion de la Grele (Bordeaux, 1752, 12mo), which won a prize at the Academy of Bordeaux : — Dissertations sur VAnalogie du Son et la Lumi'ere, et sur le Temps, which also drew a prize at the Academy of Nancy, and was printed in the collection of that company in 1754: — Principes de la Piete Chretienne (Toulouse, 1756, 2 vols.