to Inverness, when he lieard that Argj-le was following liini. He instantly turned on liis pursuer, fell upon him unexpectedly at Inverluchy, February 2, 1CJ5, and ut- terly routed his forces. Fifteen liundred of the Camp- bells were slain, and only four of Montrose's men. He then resumed his march northwards, but did not vent- ure to assault Inverness — his wild mountaijieers being admirably fitted for rapid irregular warfare, but not for the slow work of beleaguermcnt. Directing his course to the east, lie passed, with lire and sword, through Elgin and ]5anft" into Aberdeenshire, which suffered a I similar fate. On the 9th of May he attacked and routed Hurry at Auldearn, near Nairn; and after enjoying a short respite with his fierce veterans in Badcnocli, again issued from his vilds, and inliicted a still more disastrous defeat on Ikillie himself at Alford, in Aberdeenshire (July 2). There was now notliing to prevent his march j south, and about the end of the month he set out with a force of from 5000 to GOOD men. He was followed by Uaillie, who picked u]) reinforcements on his way, and on the 15th of August again risked a battle at Kilsyth, but was defeated with frightful loss — GOOO of the Covenant- ers being slain. The cause of Charles was for the mo- ment triumphant, and Montrose, who was virtually mas- ter of the country, was made lieutenant-governor of Scotland, and commander-in-chief of the royal forces. All the principal cities in the west hastened to proclaim their lidelity, and laid the blame of the recent troubles on the unfortunate Presbyterian clergy. But gradually affairs took a turn. Great numbers of the Highlanders, having become restless, returned home, and Montrose was obliged to seek safety near the borders. On the •1th of September he broke up his camp at Bothwell, and marched for the eastern counties, where Charles had informed him that the earls of Traquair, Home, and Kuxinirgh were ready to join him. In this ho was dis- apiioiiited, and on tlie 13th of the same month he was surprised at I'hiliphaugh, near Selkirk, by David Leslie, who fill upon the relics of Montrose's army and his raw levies wiih (iOOO cavalry, and completely annihilated them. Kscaping from the field of battle, he made his way to Atluil, and again endeavored, but in vain, to arouse the Highlands; and at last Charles, now begin- ning to get the worst of it in the civil war, was induced to order him to withdraw from the kingdom. On the 3d of September, 1(54G, Montrose sailed for Norway, whence he proceeded to I'aris, where he endeavored, but unsuccessfully, to enlist queen Henrietta Maria in aid of her husband ; and at last Montrose, in despair, be- took himself to Germany, in hope of service under the emperor. He soon after returned to Holland, and en- tered into communication with tlic prince of Wales, af- terwanls Charles H. It was here that news of Charles I's execution reached him. ISIontrose fainted on receipt of the drcadfid intelligence, and gave way to the most passionate regrets. Cliarles II reinvested him with the dignity of lieutenant-governor of Scotland, and Mon- trose underlook a fresh invasion on behalf of the exiled monarch. In March, 1G50, he arrived at the Orkneys with a small force, and after the lapse of three weeks proceeded to Caillniess; but neither the gentlemen nor the commons would rise at his call. He forced his way as far south as the borders of Koss-shirc, where his dis- pirited troops, not over 1500 strong, were attacked and cut to pieces at a place called Corbiesdale, near the pass of Invercarron, by a powerful body of cavalry under colonel Straclian. Montrose fled into the wilds of As- synt, wliirc li(^ was nearly starved to death, when he fell into the hands of M'Leod of Assynt, who delivered him up to general Leslie, by whom he was brought to ICdinburgh. Condemned to death as a traitor to the Covenant, he was executed May 21, 1G50. His de- meanor in his last moments was dignilied, but that of the Covenanters open to condemnation, for they were cruel, and lieaped indignities upon him even on the gal- lows. His head was placed on tlie Tolbodth, and his limbs were seat to diJlerent parts of Scotland. After
the Restoration his remains were collected and given a public funeral. See Napier, Montrose and the Covenant- ers (Lond. 1X38, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Grant, Life of Graham, Marquis of Montrose (1859) ; Wishart, Memoirs of Gra- ham, etc. ; Sir Edward Cust, Lives of the Warriors of the Civil Wars (18G7) ; Clarendon, Hist, of the Rebellion, vol. ii ; Iletherington, Hist. Ch. of Scotland, p. 175, 178, 191 ; Russell, IJisl. Ch. of Scotland, vol. ii, chap, xii, xiii ; Stephen, IJist. Ch. of Scotland (Anglican view), i, 576, G41 ; ii, C, 17, 34, 44, 50, Gl, G3, 96, 111, 144, 156, 167, 31G, 317; and the works referred to under Covexant-
EIW.
Mon(t Iserrat, one of the smallest of the West In- dia Islands, belonging to Great Britain, situated 43 miles N.W. of Guadeloupe, and at a similar distance from An- tigua and St. Kitts, about 11 miles in length and 7 in breadth, contains an area of 47 English square miles, with a population of a little over 7000, the females exceeding the males by 735. About two thirds of the surface is mountainous and barren; the rest is well cultivated. The chief products are sugar, rum, and molasses; but cotton, arrow-root, and tamarinds are also exported. The island forms a [jortion of the government of the Lee- ward Isles, and is directly ruled by a president, aided by a council and house of assembly. The chief town is Plymouth, on the south coast. The revenue of ^lont- scrrat in 1860 amounted to £3333, and the expenditure to £3243. In the same year 203 vessels of 7825 tons entered, and 194 vessels of 7450 tons cleared its port; and the total values of imports and exports were re- spectively £20,060 and £17,043. The religion of the country is Christian, Protestants predominating now; though many Roman Catliolics have sprung from those Irish settlers who entered the island in 1632, and the French, who owned it from 1712 till 1746.