MOSERA
677
MOSES
en (Nuremb. 1772, 6 parts, 8vo) : — Beitrdge zu i-eichsrit- (t rschaf (lichen Suchen (Ulm, 1775, 4 parts, 8vo):— .16- hamUungen iihei- verschiedene Heichsmaterien (Ulm, 1772- 1778, 5 vols. 4to): — Rnchsstddtisches Marjazin (Ulm, 1774-1775, 2 vols. 8vo) : — Neueste Geschichte der unmit- telbaren Reichsrittej-schafi (Ulm, 1775-177G, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Kiiduterung des Westphdlischen Friedens (Erlangen, 1775-1776, 2 parts, 4to) : — Versuch des neuesten europd- ischen Volkerrechts in Friedens- und Kriegszeiten (Fr,incf. 1777-1780, 10 vols. 8vo) : — Betrachtungen iiher die Wahl- capitidation Josephs II (Francf. 1778, 2 vols. 4to) : — Beitrdge zu dem neuesten europdischen Volkerrechte (Tli- bing. 1787, 5 parts, 8vo), etc. See Lebensgeschichte Alosers (autobiography [ Francf. 1777-1783], 4 parts, 8v'o); Ledderhose, A us dem Leben J. v. Moser's (2d ed. 1852); Grlineisen, ill Piper's Kirchen-Kalender, \Hbi\ Weidlich, Nachrichten von jetztlebenden Rechtsgelehrtev, vol. ii ; Hirschiiig, Hist. lit. Hundbuch ; Herzog, lieal- Encyklop. x, 32 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog, Generate, xxxvi, 719 ; Bullet. Theol. Oct. 18G9, p. 310. (J. H. W.)
Mose'ra (Yieb. Moserah' , n'iOio,prob. i. q."iBX^, a bmul [but the final T\ is not local, as it has the tone; it is apparently fem.] ; Sept. ISloaepd v. r. MioaOai), the thirty-ninth station of the Israelites in the desert, between Jaakan and Gudgodah (Deut. x, G) ; evidently at the foot of iNIount Hor, since Aaron is said to have died there (comp. Numb, xxxiii, 37, 38)] The name appears in the plur. form Mosekoth, as an earlier station of the Israelites, in the inverse order (Numb, xxxiii, 30, 31). See ExoDK. It may probably be identified with the small fountain et-Tayibeh, at the bottom of the pass er- Eubay, leading to the western ascent of Mount Hor (Kobinson's Researches, ii, 583). This spring in the wadj' is quite choked with sand, but there is fine water in the ravines higher up the bill-side, where the Bedouin pitch their tents. Schwarz is entirety astray in locating it {Palest, p. 213) at Wad// el-Muzeiriah, in the heart of the western desert (Robinson, i, .277). Burckhardt vaguely suggested Wady Musa, or the valley of Petra ; but this has no probability. Rowlands, in Fairbairn's Dictionary, contends at length for Jebel Madurah, near- ly in the middle of the desert plateau ; but in this he is evidently influenced by his theory of the location of Kadesh.
Mose'roth (Ileb. Moserofk', Sni"Di'a, prob. fem. pi u. for "iDX^O, a band; Sept. MaaovpovB), the thirty- first station of the Israelites, between Hashmonah and Bene-jaakan (Numb, xxxiii, 30, 31) ; doubtless the same elsewhere (Deut. x, 6) called jNIosera (q. v.).
Mo'se.?, (he great Jewish prophet and lawgiver, and the founder, we may say, under God, of the Hebrew na- tion and religion (Ewseh. Prn'p. Ev.xu, 8; comp. Philo, T'. Mos. i, 80). His importance in Biblical history justi- fies a somewhat extended biography here. In prepar- ing it, we freely use whatever we find appropriate in the Dictionaries of Smith, Kitto, Fairbairn, and Winer.
I. The .V«Hie.— This in Heb. is ITJO, Mosheh', signi- fying, according to Exod. ii, 10, drawn out, i. e. from the water, as if from fi':J'2, to draw out ; but in that case the form Avould be active, drawing out; and it is hardly [irobable that the daughter of Pharaoh would have giv- en him a Hebrew name. This, therefore (as in manj' other instances. Babel, etc.), is jirobably the Hebrew form given to a foreign word. Hence the Alexandrine Jews (Philo, Vit. Mos. i, 4) assigned it an Egyptian or- igin, from mo, water (mou, or mos ; Copt, mo), and ouses (Copt, ushe), saved, i. e, "water-saved;" see Jablonski, Opusc. i, 152. This is the explanation given by Jose- phus (Ant. ii. 0, G; Apion, i, 31), and confirmed by the (ireek form of the word adopted in the Sept. and other writings, and thence in the Vulgate. Brugsch, however (L'llistoire d'Fgypte, p. 157, 173), renders the name Mes or Messon = ch'M, being that borne by one of the princes of Ethiopia muler Rameses II. In the Arabic
traditions the name is derived from his discovery in the water and among the trees; ''for in the Egyptian lan- guage mo is I he name of water, and«e is that of a tree" (Jalaladdin, p. 387). Clem. Alex. (Strom, i, p. 343) de- rives Moses from "drawing breath." In an ancient Egyptian treatise on agriculture cited by Chwolson (Ueberreste, etc., p. 12, note) his name is given as Mo- nios. For other etymologies, see Gesenius, Thes. Ileb. p. 824. His original Hebrew name is said to have been Joachim (Clem. Alex. Strom, i, p. 343). The Sept., Jo- sephus, Pliilo, and the most ancient MSS. of N. T.,give the Greek form as Mwiicrjjt' (declined MuvaiwQ, Mwiio-fZ or Mwvay, Mixivaka or Mwiiff/yi/) ; other editions, how- ever, have Mw(7J)e, as in Strabo, xvi, 7G0 sq. (see Winer, Grammat. N. T. p. 52) ; the Vulg. gives Moyses (declined Moysi, gen. and dat. ; Moysen, ace.) ; the Rec. Text of the N. T. and Protestant versions, Moses— Arabic, Musa ; Numenius (ap. Euseb. Prwp. Ev. ix, 8, 27), Movaaloc, ; Artapanus (ihid. 27), MwyaoQ; Manetho (ap. Joseph, c. Ap. i, 26, 28, 31), Osarsiph, i. e. (Osiri-tef?) "saved by Osiris" (Osburn, Monumental Egypt); Chteremon (ib. 32), Tisithen. In Scripture he is entitled " the man of God" (Psa. xc, title ; 1 Chron. xxiii, 14) ; " the slave of Jehovah" (Numb, xii, 7; Deut. xxxiv, 5; Josh, i, 1; Psa. cv, 26) ; " the chosen" (Psa. cvi, 23).