Murray, Richard, D.D., an Irish divine of some note, flourished near the opening of this centurv- at Dub- lin, He is the author of A n Introduction to the Study of the Apocalypse, to which was added A Br-ief Outline of Prophetic History, from the Babylonish Captivity to the Commencement of (he \Wi Century (Dublin, 1826, 8vo).
Murray, William, an English divine of Scottish parentage, was born in KiOl. and received his education in Scotland, but then went to England, and studied for some time at the English high schools. He entered the ministry', and preached some time at Founder's Hall, whence he removed to Birmingham, where he be- came pastor of a dissenting congregation. He wrote several tracts in defence of the dissenters, and likewise against the deists; but his principal and best esteemed work is his Closet Devotions. He died in Birmingham in 1753. See General Biog. Diet. s. v.
Murrhone, Pkteh de. See CfiLESTixE V,
Mursiuua, Samuel, a German theologian, was born at Stolpe, in the province of Pomerania, East Prussia, Nov, 12, 1717, lie received his prei)aratory training at Stolpe; then studied in Berlin in the Joachimsthal'- schc (iymnasium, and was also a member of the theo- logical seminary combined with that institution; and then studied theology at Halle for three years. He next assumed the work of a tutor at Berlin ; was the year after appointed inspector of the seminary of the Joachimsthal'sche Gymnasium ; in 1750 prorector of this institution; and in 1758 professor of divinity at the University of Halle, and died in that place Feb- ruary 15, 1795, His most prominent works are. Diss, historico-philologica de hebdomade gentilium et dieruni a planetis denominatione, qua Georgio Jacobo Pauli 7nu- 71US Pectoris Gymnasii, quod Hake Jloi-et, gratulalur So- aeias amicorum lillerarim (Berl. 1747, 4to): — Polywni stratagematum Libri viii recensuit, Justi Vulteji rersio- nem Latinam emendavit et indicem Grcvcum adjecit (ibid. 1756, 4to) : — Diss, philosophico-theologica de origine ge- neris humani (Halle, 1759, 4to) : — Diss, exegelica de ec- clesia, columna et firmamento reritalLi, ad 1 Timoth. Hi, 13 (ibid, 1703, 4to) : — Prima lineee Encyclopcediee theo- logicce (ibid, 1764, 4to) : — I/omiletica, s. de recta eloquen- tiw ecclesiasticcB ralione libellus (ibid. 1766, 8 vo): — Diss. de institutione scholaslica ad diversa discentium ingenia accommodanda (ibid. 1767, 4to) : — AUgenuine theolo- gijiche Biblioth. W" bis 14'"- Baud (^littau, 1778-1780, large 8vo ; the first four volumes were published by C. F. Bahrdt; from the 5th to the 10th by J. C. F. Schiilz) :— Biographia selecta,s. Memoriw aliquot rirorum doctissi- morum, cum commentalionibus qnibusdam (diis ad his- toriam litterariam spectanlibus, edidil et pnifatu.i eH (Halle, 1782, large 8vo), See DOring, Gtleh'rte Thtol. Deutsrhlands. s. v.
Murtia or Museia Murtia, a surname of Venus at Home, sujiposed to be identical with Myrtea, because the myrtle was consecrated to this goddess.
MUS^US
749
MUSAUS
Musaeus. See Musaus,
Musafia, Bexjamix Dionyse bex - Tmmanuel, a Jewish savant, celebrated also as a physician, was born about 1619. He practiced medicine with great repute at Hamburg and Gllickstadt. As an author he is no- ted for his treatise on Potable Gold (sriT ^-q). He also made additions to the Hebrew Lexicon of Nathan ben- Jechiel (q. v.) under the title of "^1>f7 "Dltl. Be- sides, he compiled a dictionary entitled 2^ IDl, giving the Hebrew words in seven poems for all the days of the week (Amst, 1635 ; Wilna, 1863). He also wrote the disputes between R. Jacob Sasportas and himself, entitled np5^3 T'liy, the Testimony in Jacob (Amst. 1672). He commented on the Jerusalem Talmud, and studied a subject that was stiU more obscure and intri- cate, since he tried to explain the Flux and Reflux of the Sea, a treatise which he dedicated to king Christian IV of Denmark, under the title U^n 153 (Epistola Regia de maris reciprocaiione [Amst. 1642]). See Filrst, Bibh Jud. ii, 408 sq. ; Grlitz, Gesch. d. Juden, x, 24, 26, 202, 227, 243, 244; Jost, Gesch. d. Juden. u. s. Sekien, iii, 170; Kayserling, Gesch. d. Juden in Portugal, p. 298; Lindo, Hist. ofthe.Teics in Spain, etc., p. 868; Basnage, Hist, of the Jeios (Taylor's transl.), p. 741; De Barrios, Vida de Ishac Uziel, p. 48 ; Cassel, Leitfaden fiir Jiid. Gesckichte u. Literatur, p. 102 ; Steinschneider, Bibliog. Handbuch, p. 98; Delitzsch, Zur Gesch. d. Jiid. Poesie (Leips. 1836), p. 76; Etheridge, Introd. to Heb. Litera- ture, p. 389. (B. P.)
Musaph Prayer (r|0'l'3 n^SSn) is the name of the evening prayer of the Jewish liturgy. The sacer- dotal office of the Jews is closely connected with sacri- ficial service. It is indeed to be regarded partly as its accompaniment, partly as its substitute during the exile. The sacrifices (TiBn) which were ofiered twice a daj' find a correspondent usage in the morning and evening prayer. Already in the Old Testament this connection is clearly manifest, especially in the psalms dating from the exile, e. g. Psa. cxli, 2, " Let the lifting up of my hands be as an evening sacrifice." As on festival days, besides the daily morning sacrifice, a particular one was ofiered for the feast, it was consequent that the matins of Sab- baths and festival days in the ritual of prayers should be followed by such prayers as correspond to the special festival sacrifices. These are the IVIusaph prayers. They may be compared to the proprium of the church offici- um. In the Musaph prayer of the ordinary Sabbath express reference is made to the iMosaic ordinance re- garding the special Sabbath sacrifice (see Arnheim, Voll- stdndiges Gehetbuch der Israeliten [Glogau, 1839], p. 205). The same applies to the Musaph prayer on the day of Reconciliation (^Nlachsor von Heidenheim, Jom Kipurim [Sulzb. 1842], p. 113), etc. There the CiSD^l^ are placed opposite to the D""I'i52ri. Liturgic rules con- cerning the Musaph prayer are given in the tract Sopherim, c. 20; fol. xl, c. 2; farther in Orach Cha- jim, viz., !1S ""I (Sabbath) ; 33 pn (New-year), etc. See Machzor; Tepiiilla; Liturgy.