Mutianus, Scholasticus. See Mlciasus.
Mutiles de Runic. See Skopsis.
Mutschelle, Skbastian, a German Roman Cath- olic tlicoliigian, was born Jan. 18, 1749, at Altershausen, Bavaria. He was educated at Munich, entered in 1765 the Order of Jesus, and completed his education at In- golstadt in 1776. He was then appointed vicar at Mat- tigkofen, and in 1779 canon of the convent of St. Yeit at Freysingen, and ecclesiastical counsellor of the consis- tory, also school commissit>ner at the same place. Sev- eral difficulties into which he was drawn by publications of his made it agreeable to him to resign his clerical po- sition, and he gave himself up to literary labors, espe- cially the preparation of several works. He also taught privately Latin, French, and the fine arts. In this pe- riod (1784-86) he published Geschichle Jesu aus den vier KiHint/eUslen, also Kenntniss und Liehe des SchOpfers aus der lietruchtung der GeschOpfe, and Bemerhiin()en iiber die sammtliclicn Eranf/elien (of this a second edi- tion was published in 1790). In the midst of all his literary work he was surprised by the renomination to his former positions by ]\Iax Procop, count of Tiirring; but he yet found leisure time for literarj' work, and published in 1791 and 1792, Unterredung einesVateis mit teinen Sohnen iiber die ersten Gnindwahrheiten der chrisllichen lielif/ion, and Christkatholischer Unterricht, wie man ;pU und sclif) tverden kijnne. The first fruit of his thorough knowledge of Kant was his work, Ueher d(is sittliche Gut (1788). Kut again his enemies were at work to get him out of his position, and found a good opportunity to work against him, as he asked the differ- ent convents for contributions towards a continual fund for his remodelled schools. Mutschelle again resigned his position in 1793, but was appointed pastor at Baum- kirchen, near JIunich. Tliis position afforded much leisure time, which he filled up by literary work. He then publislied B(inerhni;iin iilxr diefe.iftdt/lic/ien Evan- gelicu ; also Krili.tc/ii' J>< itruf/e zur Melap/ii/sik: In 1799 he was also aiipninted professsor at the university at ilunich, which position lie asMinicd with an oration : Was soil die Sclnilefiir di< 11',// silnY He died Nov. 28, 1800. He has piiblisbc.l. ImmiUs the works already mentioned, Geburts und ./nt/<'nilf/<:<r/ii</i/e Jesu (Munich, 1784, 8vo) : — t^efter das sittliche Gut (ibi<l. 1786, 2 vols. 8vo) : — Gratio ante elirtionem mo-Episr<i]n ac Principis cathedralis Erdesia Erisinfjensin, die 26 ^faJi hahita (Frisingiu, 1788, 4to) -.—Die heiliijen Schrifteti des Xeuen Testaments, iiberselzt (Munich, 1789-90, 2 vols, large 8vo) •. — Vermiickle iSchriften (ibid. 1793-98, 4 vols. em.
8vo) : — Kritische Beitrdge zur Metaphysil; in einer Prri- fung der Stattleiisch-Anti-Kantischen (ibid. 1795, 8 vo): — Moraltheologie oder theologische Moral, vorziiglich zum Gthrauchfur seine Vorlesungen (ibid. 1801-2,2 vols, large 8vo) : — Ueber Kanti^che Philosophie (Munich, 1799-1803). See Krug, Philosophisches Lexikon, s. v.; Dorjr.g, Gelefnie Theologcn Deutschlands, ii, 636-644.
Mu-tsoo-po, the Chinese tutelar}- goddess both of women and of sailors, and worshipped with great rever- ence among them. This worship was introduced some centuries ago into the Celestial empire, and so strikingly does Mu-tsoo-po resemble the Virgin ^lary of tlie Roman- ists that the Chinese at Macao call her Santa Maria di China — Holy ^lother of China. The sailors especially make her an object of adoration, and there are verj' few junks that have not an image of her on board. She is also accompanied by very dismal satellites, the execu- tors of her behests. See Gardner, Faiths of the World, 1>. 504 ; Doolittle, iSociul Life of the Chinese (Index in vol. ii).
Mutter {'Z''t'n'>Z.jnahgim,mutterers'), in Isa. viii, 19, refers to the murmuring or indistinct enunciation of wizards and soothsayers in uttering their spells. See Divination.
Muttra, a sacred town of the Hindus, is the capital of a district of the same name, ninety-seven miles south- south-east of Delhi, on the right bank of the Jumna. Access is liad to the river — which is considered by the Hindus to have special sanctity — by numerous ghats, ornamented with little temples; and its banks are every morning and evening crowded by devotees of all ages and both sexes to perform their religious exercises. In Hindu mythology it is regarded as the birthplace of Krishna (q. v.). In honor of the monkey-god Hanu- man, monkeys are here protected and fed, being allowed to swarm everywhere. There are also a great number of sacred bulls at large without owners.
Mutunus, a deity among the ancient Romans who averted evil from the city and commonwealth of Rome. He was identical with the J'hallns or Priapus, who chiefly delivered from the power of diemons. Mutunus had a temple inside the walls of Rome, which existed until the time of Augustus, when it was removed out- side. See Smith, l)ivt. of Class. Biog. and Mgthol. s. v.
Mutzenbecher, Esdras Hkinrich, a (Jerman theologian, was born at Hamburg Jlarch 23, 1744. He was educated at Hamburg and Giittingen, then acted for a while as tutor of the children of the baron of Stein- berg. In 1774 he was appointed assistant of the eccle- siastical faculty and second minister of the university church at Gottingen, and while there he published his Philolof/ische Bibliuthek. In 1775 he was called as pas- tor to the evangelical church at the Hague, and in 1778 was appointed chief minister of all evangelical Luther- an congregations at Amsterdam, and in 1789 general superintendent and counsellor of the consistory of Ol- denburg, where he died, Dec. 21,1801. His most im- portant works arc, J. C. Biel Xorus 'J'hcsaiirus }>hili>lo- gicus sice Lexicon in Ixx et alios iuterpntts et scripto- res apocri/phos Veleris Testamenti (Haga^ Comilum, 1779-80. :> vols, large 8vo) : — Gesant/lmch znr <ijri ntlirhen und hiiiislirhni Andacht fiir das Ihrzoglhiim (ihhiiburg, ncbsl tiwni Auhange ran Gebeten (OMenburg, 1791. 8vo): — Der KUine Katechismns Dr. Martin Luther's nach den fiinf IIan])l.<liicken, mit kurzm A mnerkungen fiir Lehrer und SchitUr (ibid. 1797, \-lma):—Gebete (Bre- men, 1801, 8vo). Sec Diiring, Gelthrte Theol. Deutsch- lands. s. V.