Naude, Gabuif;t,, a French bibliographer, noted for his defence of Kempis as the author of De Jniitalione Chris/i, was born at Paris in 1600. He displayed at an early age a great aptitude for ])hilological and critical studies. He studied medicine at Paris, but took his doctor's degree in that science at Padua. On his return to Paris in 1628 he published his work, Apologie pour les grandes Personnages faussement accuses de Magie (1629). In 1631 he accompanied the papal nuncio, car- dinal De' Bagni, on his return to Kome, and he was ap- ])ointed his librarian. AVliile he was at Uome the con- troversy concerning the authorship of the book JJe Im- itdtume Ghristi began. >See Kkjiims, Thomas a. The Benedictines claimed the autborship for one of their or- der, .lolin (iersen, abbot of Yercelli; while the regular can- ons ol St. (Jenevieve claimed it for Tliomas ii Kempis. Naiid(', being in Italy, was requested to examine several manuscripts of the work in (luestion. His report was imfavorable to the claims of the Benedictines, who were much incensed against him, and accused him of bad faith. The affair then came before the courts in the shape of a charge of defamation ; the suit lasted for years, and was at last compromised. In 1640 cardinal De' Bagni died, and Naud(', after remaining some time with cardinal Barberini, the nephew of the reigning jiope. rr1)Mn VIII. was recalled to Paris in 1G42, and ai>|ioinlfd lilirarirni to cardinal Mazarin. In this capacity he travelled through
several parts of Europe to collect books and manuscripts to enrich his patron's library, which was afterwards sold according to a .sentence of the Parliament of Paris, dur- ] ing the civil war of the Fronde, to the great sorrow of i Xaude, who attempted to prevent what he considered an act of barljarism (comp. his A vis a Xosseigneurs du I Parlement stir la Vente de la Bibliotheque du Cardinal Mazarin, 1652). On receiving an invitation from queen Christina of Sweden to be her librarian, Naude went to Stockholm in 1652, where he was very well received. The climate of Sweden not agreeing with his health, he set out to return to Paris, but on his way home died suddenly in 1653. Naude was a decided opponent of the Huguenots, aud urged severe measures for their ex- tinction. He claimed that France suffered by permit- ting Protestantism to spread in its borders. Protestant writers are wont to claim, and that of course justly, that the stagnation of trade in France was consecpient upon the removal of the Huguenots; but Naude claims that " had all the heretics in France been cut oft', the country would after\vards have enjoyed perfect tran- quillity." Yet to his credit it must be .said that, how- ever self-opinionated and paradoxical, Naude was a man of irreproachable character, and a truly learned man. Many are the eulogies and epitaphs which have been written in his honor. See Jacob, Gabrielis Naudcei Tumulus (1659); Sainte- Beuve, Portraits litteraires (1855). (J.H.'VV.)
Naudi is the name of a bull which the Hindils re- gard as sacred because he is the rahan of Nahardeva, or Siva (q. v.), just as the Egyptians regarded Apis as the soul of Osiris (q. v.). The Egyptians believed that when Apis ate out of the hands of those who went to consult him the answer was favorable. "The Hin- dus,"' says Bartolomeo, "place rice and other articles before their doors as the animal passes along in their processions, and if he stop to taste them, consider it as a fortunate event. This, at least, he is very prone to do, to the serious injur_v of the Hindu shopkeepers, as he wanders, not in his most sacred capacity, through the streets of Calcutta and other towns." Naudi is held in great reverence among the Ilindi-is, and is one of the most sacred emblems of Siva. Naudi is by some de- scribed as the emblem of justice. See Coleman, J/y- thology of the Hindus, p. 64.
ITaudi, AxGiiLo, an Italian painter of religious sub- jects, flourished in the 16th century. He was a pupil and imitator of Paul Veronese. Naudi went to Spain, where, according to Palomino, he passed the greater part of his life, and executed many works for the churches at Madrid, which are highly commended by the author above mentioned. He was a]ipointed court-jiainter by king Philip, in whose service lie continued a long time. See Sjjooner, Jiiog. Hist, of the Fine Arts, ii, 610.
Nauesh-wrer, a name among the Hindi'is for a sub- ordinate incarnation of their god Vishnu (q. v.\ de- scribed as having taken place at Alemdy, near Poonali, about, as some state, 700, or, according to others, 200 years ago. Naueshwer is stated to have been a relig- ious ascetic, and to have been buried alive at Alemdy, where his tomb is seen under a splendid temple, and where he yet appears (for, although buried, he is not dead) to pious, if at the same time wealthy visitors. j See Coleman, Mythology of the Hindus, p. 390.
j Na'um ((Jr. 'Saovfi, for the Heb. Xahum. q. v.), the son of Esli and father of Amos, in the maternal ancestry I of Christ (Luke iii, 25) ; apparently the same with .lo- ' IIAXAN (q. v.), the .son of Elioenai (1 Chron. iii. 24). See GiixiiAT.oGY Of' Christ.